Abstract Background It has been pointed out that prolonged television (TV) viewing is one of the sedentary behaviors that is harmful to health; however, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and prolonged TV viewing time has not been sufficiently investigated in Japan. Methods The study population are the participants of NIPPON DATA2010, which is a prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010 in Japan. They were residents in 300 randomly selected areas across Japan. This study included 2752 adults. SES was classified according to the employment status, educational attainment, living status, and equivalent household expenditure (EHE). Prolonged TV viewing time was defined as more than or equal to 4 h of TV viewing per day. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of SES with prolonged TV viewing time. Results The mean TV viewing time was 2.92 h in all participants. Of 2752 participants, 809 (29.4%) prolonged TV viewing, and the mean TV viewing time of them was 5.61 h. The mean TV viewing time in participants without prolonged TV viewing time was 1.81 h. The mean TV viewing time was prolonged as age classes increased and significantly longer in aged ≥60 years. Prolonged TV viewing time was associated with not working for all age classes and sexes. Only among women, education attainment and living status were also associated with prolonged TV viewing time. For education attainment, the lower the received years of education, the higher odds ratios (OR) of prolonged TV viewing time. For living status, in women aged <60 years, living with others had a significantly higher OR compared to living with spouse. On the other hand, in women aged ≥60 years, living alone had a significantly higher OR. EHE did not have any significant associations with prolonged TV viewing time. Conclusions In a general Japanese population, it should be noted that the association between SES and prolonged TV viewing time differed by age and sex. Particularly, it must draw attention to the prolonged TV viewing in elderly. The intervention in order to shorten TV viewing time needs to consider these attributes.
The gender-specific characteristics of individuals at an increased risk of developing depression currently remain unclear despite a higher prevalence of depression in women than in men. This study clarified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of subclinical depression in general Japanese men and women.Study participants were residents not receiving psychiatric treatments in 300 sites throughout Japan in 2010 (1152 men, 1529 women). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for socioeconomic factors and lifestyle factors were calculated using a logistic regression analysis.Risk of depressive tendencies was significantly higher in men who were single and living alone (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.56-6.88) than those married. The risk was significantly lower in women who were not working and aged ≥ 60 years (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22-0.68) and higher in men who were not working and aged < 60 years (OR, 3.57; 95%CI, 1.31-9.72) compared with those who were working. Current smoking was also associated with a significantly increased risk of depressive tendencies in women (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.68-5.22) but not in men.Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were associated with an increased risk of depressive tendencies in general Japanese. Related factors were different by sex.
Additional file 1: Supplement Table 1. Participants’ instrumental activity of daily living and current medical histories by sex and age groups. Supplement Table 2. Mean physical activities time by intensity in sex and age classes. Supplement Table 3. Mean TV viewing time by socioeconomic status.
When combined aerobic and resistance training into the same session is performed, the exercise order may lead to different effects with respect to factors such as muscle strength, hormone responses, energy metabolism, and vascular function.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise order of combined aerobic and resistance training into the same session on body composition, muscle strength and arterial stiffness in the elderly.Thirty-one elderly subjects (70.5 ± 3.5 years) were randomly assigned to 3 groups; AR: aerobic before resistance training, RA: resistance before aerobic training and CON: no training.Subjects trained 2 times per week for 10 weeks.Resistance training consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions for 5 different exercises, 70%-80% of one repetition maximum (1RM).Aerobic exercise consisted of cycling at 60% of heart rate reserve (HRR).Significant interaction effects were observed in body fat percentage (P < 0.01) and 1RM (P < 0.01).However, no significant differences were observed between AR and RA.In contrast, pulse wave velocity (PWV) significantly reduced in the RA (8.8 ± 2.1 m/s to 7.6 ± 1.9 m/s, P < 0.05), while PWV increased in the AR (7.9 ± 2.8 m/s to 10.0 ± 2.6 m/s, P < 0.01), and there was significant difference between AR and RA (P < 0.05).In conclusion, no effects of the exercise order were observed in body composition and muscle strength.However, aerobic exercise after resistance training reduced arterial stiffness and difference of exercise order was observed.
In Japan, people over 65 years old exist approximately 22 %. Therefore, maintaining functional fitness is important for healthy aging in older adults. The performance tests have the merit of providing objective, quantifiable information on functional fitness in older adults. PURPOSE: To establish a physical performance test battery assessing the functional fitness in community-dwelling older Japanese women. METHODS: Subjects were 589 female volunteers aged 60 to 95 years (74.1 +/- 7.9 years), living independently in community. 16 performance tests related to the activities parallel to daily living were, walking around two cones and sitting on a chair, 10 m maximal walking time, timed up and go, moving beans with chopsticks, bar-gripping reaction time, moving pegs with hands, grip strength, repetition of the bicipital flexion / extension, maximal stand up time, repetition of the 30-sec chair stand, one leg balance with eyes open /closed, sit and reach, functional reach, maximal step length, and connected walking time. RESULTS: Principal component analysis of the 16 performance tests yielded 5 components accounting for 69.6% of the total variance. 12 variables were heavily loaded on the 1st principal component, so that 40.9% of the total variance was accounted for by this component. Finally, the following 4 variables were selected for the assessment of a functional fitness: timed up and go (X1), moving pegs with hands (X2), 30-sec chair stand (X3), and maximal step length (X4). The principal component analysis was again applied to these four variables to obtain the following equation of functional fitness age (FFA) based on the first principal component coefficient of each variable: FFA=1.079 X1-0.369 X2-.387 X3-0.147 X4+0.300 CA+80.14 (CA: chronological age). CONCLUSION: The proposed test battery could be a useful instrument for providing a comprehensive measure of functional fitness.
Objective Athletes that undertake strenuous training have markedly higher energy consumption than the average non-training person.Therefore, nutrient intake has a greater impact on body condition, and this point is particularly important in younger athletes who are still in their growth phase. The present study involved conducting a lecture on nutrition twice a year over two years for the top athletes of Yamagata Prefecture. At the same time, we examined the dietary intake and psychological status of these high school athletes. Methods Eighteen high school athletes (9 males and 9 females) participated in this study. In the first year, we conducted once dietary intake survey and twice nutrition lectures. In the second year, we conducted once dietary intake survey and psychological assessment using the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and twice nutrition lectures.The anthropometry data were analyzed using a paired t-test, while the proper quantities and actual amounts of food intake per subject were compared using Student's t-test. The relationship between nutrient intake and psychological status was examined by correlation analysis. Comparisons between group and non-group based on whether they met the Japanese criteria of macronutrient intake from dietary reference intakes (DRIs) were performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results The subjects showed physical growth throughout the study period; however, vitamin intake was insufficient. Additionally, the imbalance in percentages of protein (P), fat (F) and carbohydrates (C) ratios (PFC ratio) was associated with the fatigue score. The vigor scores were higher in the group that met the criteria of macronutrient intake. Conclusion The present findings show that there is clearly a relationship between nutritional intake and the psychological condition of high school athletes.
