In serial studies on the growth course of children with congenital rubella syndrome in Okinawa, measurements were made of the head and face at 14 and 16 years of age, following those at 12 years of age previously reported. Four measurements including the head length, head breadth, bizygomatic breadth and morphological face height, and two indices including the cephalic index and morphological facial index, were obtained and compared with those of normal children of the same age.The results indicated that for all the head and face measurements, the children with congenital rubella syndrome of ages 14 and 16 years were highly significantly small compared to the normal children, regardless of sex. On the other hand, as regards the indices, there were generally no significant differences between the two groups. These findings indicate that growth retardation of the head and face of children with congenital rubella syndrome persists at 14 and 16 years of age, from 12 years of age, while the proportions of the head and face are not generally different from those of normal children. Such a conclusion is also supported by assessments of the size and shape distances of Penrose computed from the four items.
Environmental radioactive contamination caused by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident has aroused great concern regarding a possible increase in the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer. The ultrasound examinations were conducted immediately after the accident as part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS), which is divided into the preliminary baseline survey (PBLS) and the full-scale survey (FSS). Some of their outcomes are reported regularly and made available to the public. We have detailed measurements of the air-dose rates and radioactive elements in soil in many places all over the Fukushima prefecture. To study the dose-response relationship, we begin with the assumption that the external and internal doses are correlated with the air-dose rate and the amount of 131I in soil, respectively. We then investigate the relationship between these estimated doses and the PBLS and FSS thyroid cancer cases. Our analysis shows that the dose-response curve with the FSS data clearly differs from that with the PBLS data. Finally, we consider the potential mitigating effects of evacuation from highly contaminated areas in both external and internal exposure scenarios.
Abstract. The course of the cAMP response to thyrotropin (TSH) in 23 specimens of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and the adjacent normal tissue was studied. In the carcinomatous tissue, the cAMP concentration in slices incubated with TSH was significantly greater after 2 h than after 15 min of incubation; the level was almost the same at both times in normal tissue. The effects of an initial exposure of thyroid slices to TSH (50 U/l on the subsequent cAMP responsiveness to the hormone were investigated in seven more differentiated thyroid carcinomas. In normal tissue, the cAMP level in slices exposed to TSH, washed, and exposed again was lower after the third incubation than in slices exposed to TSH only in the third. In contrast, the cAMP level tended to be greater after the second of 2 TSH incubations in 5 out of the 7 specimens of carcinomatous tissue. The data suggest that differentiated thyroid carcinoma lacks desensitization of the cAMP response to TSH.
Skeletal remains of the Yayoi people, who had been excavated from Northern Kyushu and Yamaguchi Prefecture in Japan, are thought to be largely the descendants of continental immigrants. Carious ratios of the Yayoi people are higher than those of the Jomon people and their descendants. Results of the present study showed that, in frequency of carious lesions and in state of dental attrition, the Yayoi people of the Northern Kyushu and Yamaguchi regions were different. Caries ratios of the Yamaguchi Yayoi people were high in both adolescent and elderly groups. But, although caries ratio of the elderly Yayoi people of the Northern Kyushu region was high, that of the adolescent group of Northern Kyushu was low and close to that of the Jomon people. Dietary custom is thought to be the cause of this difference. The location of site is also different between the two Yayoi period samples. Moreover, there are some differences in skeletal shape between them. Therefore, the main subsistence of the Northern Kyushu Yayoi people might have been different from that of the Yamaguchi Yayoi people. Chinese skeletal remains whose carious teeth ratio was as high as that of the Yayoi people of the Northern Kyushu region and Yamaguchi Prefecture have not yet been found in any population examined by the present or other studies. Taking these findings into consideration, we assume that it is highly possible that the carious teeth ratio increased after the ancestors of the Yayoi people immigrated to Japan.
The mesiodistal and labiolingual diameters of the anterior teeth in Ami and Bunun tribes of Formosan aborigines were measured. Sex and tribe differences in these measurements and some indices calculated from these measurements were compared and studied. The results were summarized as follows : I. Sex difference 1. The crown diameters were larger for male than for female for both Ami and Bunun, showing significant sex difference. 2. The length-breadth indices, excluding those of Ami I_2 and Bunun C′, were higher for male than for female. However, no significant difference was seen. 3. The reductive indices were smaller for male than for female, except for the mesiodiatal and labiolingual diameter of Bunun upper teeth. Significant sex difference was seen in the labiolingual diameter of Ami lower teeth. II. Tribe difference 1. The crown diameters were generally smaller for Ami than for Bunun. Significant tribe difference was seen in the mesiodistal diameter of male I_1, I_2, C′, C_′ and female I^1, I_1, and I_2 ; in the labiolingual diameter of I^1, I_1, I_2, C_′ of both sexes ; and in the rectangle of male I^1, I_′, I^2, I_2, C′, C_′ and female I_1 and I_2. 2. The length-breadth indices were smaller for Ami than for Bunun except for male C′and female I_1 and I_2. Significant tribe difference was seen for male I_2 and for female I^1 and C_′. The mesiodistal diameters were comparatively larger for Ami than for Bunun. 3. The reductive indices were higher for Ami than for Bunun except for the mesiodistal diameter of male upper teeth and labiolingual diameter of female lower teeth. Significant tribe difference was seen in the labiolingual diameter of female upper teeth. Less reduction was seen in Ami than in Bunun.
