Y. Kang

Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology

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Richard O. Claus

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Hang Ruan

NanoSonic (United States)

M. Orłowski

Virginia Tech

T. Liu

Virginia Tech

Jennifer H. Lalli

NanoSonic (United States)

Francisco J. Arregui

Universidad Publica de Navarra

Virendra K. Verma

Indian Institute of Management Indore

A. Hill

NanoSonic (United States)

Ignacio R. Matı́as

Universidad Publica de Navarra

Tanmay Potnis

Virginia Tech

Cooperative Institutions

Virginia Tech

NanoSonic (United States)

Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology

Seoul Women's University

Universidad Publica de Navarra

Sonic Concepts (United States)

Chinese Academy of Sciences

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Sungkyunkwan University

Navarre Institute of Health Research

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Comparison of self-assembled nanocomposite thin film and optical fiber hydrogen sensors

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2006)

Hang Ruan Y. Kang Jennifer H. Lalli A. Hill Alex A. Kazemi

Two different optical fiber-based sensor approaches are compared for the detection of hydrogen gas. The two sensors both use Fabry-Perot techniques that have been investigated for some time for other applications. One involves the use of an Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric (EFPI) sensor scheme, and the other uses a nanoFabry-Perot (nanoFP) cavity that is formed on the distal end of a fiber endface. It is found in general that the sensitivity of the EFPI sensor is higher than that of the nanoFP, but that its speed of response is slower.

Hydrogen sensor

10.1117/12.659445

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Citations (0)

Self-assembled PN semiconductor detectors on optical fibers

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2007)

Hang Ruan Y. Kang Jennifer H. Lalli A. Hill Nurdan Demirci Sankır

Recent work in the fabrication of self assembled quantum dot (QD) detectors on active structural fibers and for the implementation of optical fiber sensors is reported in this paper. The ability to develop the QD based devices and materials via the electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) process has been demonstrated by Hand and Kang in prior work. The QD precursor nanocluster materials involved in ESA have been designed and synthesized to proper size, stabilized in an aqueous-based solution, and functionalized to allow self-assembly. Optical fiber sensor instrumentation has been developed to monitor the reflected optical power with the buildup of the QD layers on the fiber endface during the ESA process. The results are confirmed by observing the effects of low-finesse QD Fabry-Perot interferometric cavities formed via such processes on the ends of optical fibers. The photocurrent-voltage characteristics show a diode-like behavior with linear photocurrent in the reverse bias and non-linearity in the forward bias. It is suggested that fast response times can be achieved due to the high carrier mobilities that arise in part due to structure of the materials formed via the solution-based ESA process. This paper reviews this prior work and shows examples of deposition of devices on both fiber endfaces and cladding surfaces.

Photocurrent

Cladding (metalworking)

Optical power

10.1117/12.715660

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Citations (0)

Semiconductor Nano and Micro Membrane Based Pressure Sensors for Wide Bandwidth Measurements

Volume 6: Ceramics; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Education; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy (2019)

Y. Kang Ridge Sibold Michelle Homer L. Gladwin Richard O. Claus

Abstract Semiconductor nano&micro membranes (NMMs) are gaining acceptance in the semiconductor industry as the benefits they provide become key enablers in scaling and performance enhancements of electronic devices. These tailored-modulus conformal NMM sensor skins with integrated interconnect elements and electronic devices can be applied to new or existing wind tunnel models for full spectrum pressure monitoring. The material is resistant to normal fluids and solvents, can potentially operate over a wide temperature range, and is capable of withstanding erosion. Experimental data presented in this paper demonstrates that: 1) silicon NMMs may be used as single pressure sensor transducers and elements in sensor arrays, and 2) the arrays may be instrumented to map pressure over the surfaces of test articles over a range of Reynolds numbers, temperature and other environmental conditions. Of most importance, we have 1) shown that the small-feature-size sensor elements are highly sensitive to pressure (frequency response from DC up to 5MHz), 2) developed several types of sensor packages for the demonstration of pressure sensing with a miniature probe tip, and 3) confirmed operation in wind tunnel and shock tube tests over 100 times up to Mach 4.2 on several test articles.

10.1115/gt2019-91681

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Citations (1)

Prediction of end-point phosphorus content of molten steel in BOF with machine learning models

Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B Metallurgy (2024)

Y. Kang Mengmeng Ren Junxue Zhao Libo Yang Z.-K. Zhang

The main task in the production of steel in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is dephosphorization Therefore, the prediction and control of the end-point phosphorus content of molten steel is of great significance. Four machine learning regression models (Lasso, Random Forest, Xgboost, and Neural Network) were established to predict the end-point phosphorus content of molten steel in the BOF based on raw and auxiliary material data, process parameters, and production quality data. The prediction effect of the four models was further compared, and their prediction results were interpreted based on the interpretability of the models and the permutation importance method. The results showed that compared with linear regression and neural network regression model, two types of ensemble tree model have higher prediction accuracy, better stability with small data sets, and lower data preprocessing requirements. The factors influencing the end-point phosphorus (P) content in BOF were ranked in order of importance as: Tapping temperature > Turning down times > Steel scrap quantity> Operation habits of different working groups > Amount of oxygen injection> Sulfur and phosphorus content of molten iron > Addition amount of lime, limestone, and lightly burnt dolomite in the slag > Slag-splashing amount.

Content (measure theory)

10.2298/jmmb230306008k

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Citations (2)

Nanostructured optical fibre sensors for breathing airflow monitoring

Measurement Science and Technology (2006)

Y. Kang Hang Ruan Y Wang Francisco J. Arregui Ignacio R. Matı́as

A nanostructured optical fibre-based thin film sensor was designed for non-invasive, fast and reliable monitoring of respiratory airflow. Molecular-level self-assembly processing method was used to form multi-layered inorganic nanocluster and polymer thin films on the distal ends of optical fibres to form such sensors. In order to optimize the sensing performance, an analytical model based on the condensation of exhaled water vapour on the coating surface was established for the breathing analysis. By varying thin film chemistry the physically small sensors offer high sensitivity to breathing air in terms of variations in the reflected optical power. Moreover, the sensor performances in comparison with a medical nasal thermistor suggest such a thin film sensor is an excellent device for advanced breathing airflow monitoring.

Thermistor

Respiratory monitoring

10.1088/0957-0233/17/5/s44

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Citations (36)

Role of CMOS Back-End Metals as Active Electrodes for Resistive Switching in ReRAM Cells

ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology (2016)

Gargi Ghosh Y. Kang Sean W. King M. Orłowski

With the goal to render the ReRAM memory integrable with CMOS backend and compatible with current BEOL metal choices (Cu, Ta, Ti, W), we have chosen the well-behaved and well-characterized Cu/TaOx/Pt ReRAM cell as a benchmark device and have replaced the active (Cu) and inert (Pt) electrodes with Ta and Ti electrodes. Five derivative devices were manufactured including: Pt/TaOx/Pt, Cu/TaOx/Ti, Cu/TaOx/Ta, Ta/TaOx/Pt, and Ti/TaOx/Pt. Out of these five devices, only the Ti/TaOx/Pt produced reliable set and reset switching characteristics. Nevertheless, the switching behavior of the other derivative devices provides a great deal of insight into the formation, shape and rupture of conductive filaments in ReRAM devices which would be difficult to gain otherwise from only one type of a device. The present findings are compared with results on the same and similar devices reported elsewhere in the literature.

Reset (finance)

10.1149/2.0051701jss

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Citations (14)

Coexistence of Bipolar and Unipolar Switching of Cu and Oxygen Vacancy Nanofilaments in Cu/TaOx/Pt Resistive Devices

ECS Solid State Letters (2012)

T. Liu Virendra K. Verma Y. Kang M. Orłowski

Switching of a resistive Cu/TaOx/Pt device can be based on the formation of two types of nanofilament in the same device: Cu and oxygen vacancy conductive filaments, depending on the polarity of switching voltage. Cu/TaOx/Pt device can be switched in bipolar and unipolar regimes. The two types of conduction can be distinguished by different values of the resistance temperature coefficient. Both positive and negative voltages can reset the device when sufficient Joule heating is produced. The negative set voltages for oxygen vacancy filaments show higher absolute values than those for the Cu filaments. The unique fourfold switching property of a Cu/TaOx/Pt device renders it flexible for a wide range of applications.

Polarity (international relations)

10.1149/2.012201ssl

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Citations (36)

Formation and Rupture of Multiple Conductive Filaments in a Cu/TaOx/Pt Device

ECS Solid State Letters (2012)

Y. Kang Virendra K. Verma T. Liu M. Orłowski

In a Cu/TaOx/Pt resistive device multiple Cu conductive nanofilaments can be formed and ruptured successively between the active Cu and inert Pt electrodes. The key parameters to repeatable multi-filaments switching cycles are the appropriate choice of compliance current window for individual nanofilament formation and the choice of bipolar and unipolar reset. Controlled formation and rupture of multiple filaments may enable multilevel storage capability in a single Conductive Bridge Random Access Memory cell if the repeatibility issue can be successfully addressed.

Reset (finance)

Inert

10.1149/2.001206ssl

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Citations (18)

Composite Cu/VO and VO/Cu Nanofilaments in Cu/Ta2O5/Pt Devices

ECS Solid State Letters (2013)

Y. Kang Tong Liu Tanmay Potnis M. Orłowski

Evidence for existence of composite copper/oxygen vacancy nanofilaments is presented. The composite conductive nanofilment (CF) is a serial resistive connection of Cu and Vo CFs forming a composite Vo/Cu CF where the Cu filament segment is formed first and Vo filament completes the composite CF. A composite CF has been also formed in reverse order as Cu/Vo. Both composite CFs, Vo/Cu and Cu/Vo, display Vform at considerable lower voltages than monolithic CFs.

Resistive touchscreen

10.1149/2.004307ssl

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Citations (21)

Self-assembled optical detectors for optical fiber sensors

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2007)

Hang Ruan Y. Kang Jennifer H. Lalli Richard O. Claus

Recent work in the fabrication of self assembled quantum dot (QD) detectors for optical fiber sensors is reported in this paper. The ability to develop the QD based devices and materials via the electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) process has been demonstrated. The QD precursor nanocluster materials involved in ESA have been designed and synthesized to proper size, stabilized in an aqueous-based solution, and functionalized to allow self-assembly. The optical fiber sensor instrumentation has been developed to monitor the reflected optical power with the buildup of the QD layers on the fiber endface during the ESA process. The results are confirmed by observing the effects of low-finesse QD Fabry-Perot interferometric cavities formed via such processes on the ends of optical fibers. The photocurrent-voltage characteristics show a diode-like behavior with linear photocurrent in the reverse bias and nonlinearity in the forward bias. It is suggested that fast response times can be achieved due to the high carrier mobilities that arise in part due to structure of the materials formed via the solution-based ESA process.

Photocurrent

Optical power

10.1117/12.738556

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Citations (3)