Abstract: Fe1-xMnxS thin films with concentration x=0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1 have been deposited on glass substrates by a simple Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method at 90 oC. The X-ray Diffraction analysis of deposited thin films revealed the growth of mono-phasic mackinawite (FeS) structure with crystallite size in the range from 4.06 to 5.95 nm as a function of manganese concentrations. The other structural parameters like stacking faults, dislocation density and lattice strain affirmed the improvement in crystal structure and phase stability in manganese doped FeS thin films. Scanning Electron Micrographs depicted the growth of nano-flakes and nano-flowers in case of pure FeS thin films while for manganese doped iron sulfide thin films, homogeneity of the deposited material was observed to improve with distinct boundaries of almost spherical nanostructures. The direct energy band gap of FeS mono-phasic thin films was observed to decrease from 2.23 to 1.89 eV as the concentration of manganese increases in host lattice. The prepared thin films with tunable optical properties would have potential applications in energy conversion and optoelectronic devices.
Background: The goal of this research was to assess the effectiveness and safety of intra-articular tranexamic acid (TA) with intravenous (IV) TA in reducing perioperative blood loss, the severity of early postoperative problems, and venous thromboembolism in patients who have had a primary unilateral cemented total knee replacement.
Patients and methods: This comparative study was undertaken using a non-probability purposive sampling technique at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Edward Medical University / Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from July 1st, 2018 to October 30th, 2019. A total of number 71 patients, aged 35 to 75 years, who underwent unilateral cemented total knee replacement for advanced knee osteoarthritis were included in the study. Patients who had known allergic reactions to tranexamic acid, risk factors of thromboembolism, severe kidney and heart diseases, and blood clotting disorders were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups, A and B. Pre-operatively, patients in Group A were given intraarticular tranexamic acid (3000mg). In Group B, intravenous tranexamic acid (10mg/kg) was given pre-operatively. Outcome parameters studied were drained blood (DB), level of hemoglobin (Hb), blood transfusion (BT), and hematocrit (Hct) after 48 hours of surgery and compared with the preoperative value. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Independent sample T-test was applied to compare the hematocrit and hemoglobin difference in the two groups, and the P-value was taken less than 0.05 as significant.
Results: Out of the total 36 patients in Group A, there were 20 (55.5%) males and 16 (44.4%) females, while amongst 35 patients in Group B, there were 21 (60%) males and 14 (40%) females. The mean preoperative Haemoglobin (Hb) in Group A was 13.9+1.2 and 13.8+0.9 in Group B (p = 0.44). The mean postoperative Hb in Group A was 12.11±2.47 and 11.24 ± 3.52 in Group B (p = 0.002). The mean variation of Hct in Group A was 4.49 and 6.82 in Group B (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Intra-articular tranexamic acid during total knee joint replacement is a viable alternative to the established intravenous tranexamic acid with statistically significant high postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
The current study emphasizes the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and impact of hydrophilic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating concentration as well as anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) loading on saturation magnetization for target drug delivery applications. Iron oxide nanoparticles particles were synthesized by a reformed version of the co-precipitation method. The coating of polyvinyl alcohol along with doxorubicin loading was carried out by the physical immobilization method. X-ray diffraction confirmed the magnetite (Fe3O4) structure of particles that remained unchanged before and after polyvinyl alcohol coating and drug loading. Microstructure and morphological analysis was carried out by transmission electron microscopy revealing the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm with slight variation after coating and drug loading. Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive, and Fourier transform infrared spectra further confirmed the conjugation of polymer and doxorubicin with iron oxide nanoparticles. The room temperature superparamagnetic behavior of polymer-coated and drug-loaded magnetite nanoparticles were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer. The variation in saturation magnetization after coating evaluated that a sufficient amount of polyvinyl alcohol would be 3 wt. % regarding the externally controlled movement of IONPs in blood under the influence of applied magnetic field for in-vivo target drug delivery.
Objective: Thyroid eye disease presents a special challenge to the ophthalmologists withpathogenetic enigma & therapeutic dilemma. The objective of the study is to determine the frequency of mode ofophthalmic manifestation of thyrotoxicosis, rating of all components of “NOSPECS” classification system and todetermine the relative magnitude of low & high index orbitopathies. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Thedepartment of ophthalmology Allied Hospital / Punjab Medical College (PMC) & Punjab Institute of Nuclear medicine(PINUM) Faisalabad. Period: From 1 Apr 2004 to 31 st st March.2005. Material & Methods: 100 patients of all age &sex, after having diagnosed as thyrotoxic on the basis of positive laboratory investigations were subjected to a plannedocular examination according to the given protocol. An ophthalmopathy index scoring system was adopted to tabulatethe results. Results: Among 100 thyrotoxic patients, 72 were female & 28 were male with male to female ratio 1:26.The over all mean age was 36.59 ±13.81 years with 77 % of cases lying between 21-50 year of age. Orbitopathy wasfound in 74 % of thyrotoxic patients with relative distribution of eyelid retraction 56 %, soft tissue involvement 38 %,Proptoses 16%, restrictive myopathy 11%, corneal involvement 13 % and sight loss due to optic neuropathy 7 %. Thereis more occurrence of low index orbitopathy 83 % as compared to high index orbitopathy i.e 17 %. Conclusion: Theoccurrence of dysthyroid orbitopathy is not essentially present in all hyper thyroid patients. Only 3 out of 4 develop it.The frequency of manifestation of various eye lesions in descending order is eyelid retraction, soft tissue involvement,Proptosis, corneal involvement, myopathy & vision loss. Low index orbitopathy is more common & males are at morerisk of developing orbitopathy than females.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but life threatening reaction toa neuroleptic medication. Even in state-of-the-art centers, the mortality rate is reported as 5-12%. We present a reportof a successfully managed patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome, in Faisalabad, Pakistan. This is followed bya brief discussion about the syndrome, with a compilation of latest recommendations about assessment andmanagement.
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