Khaled M. Ghanem

Alexandria University

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A. H. El‐Refai

Alexandria University

Fawzy Eissa

Al-Azhar University

M.A. El-Gazaerly

Alexandria University

Sabry M. Shaheen

University of Wuppertal

Moustafa Y. El‐Naggar

Alexandria University

Aïda M. Farag

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries

Hassan Moawad

National Research Centre

Reda A.I. Abou-Shanab

University of Minnesota

Hanan A. Ghozlan

Alexandria University

Hala M. Gamal El‐Din

Al-Azhar University

Cooperative Institutions

Alexandria University

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries

University of Maryland, College Park

United States Department of Agriculture

Ain Shams University

Agricultural Research Center

National Research Centre

Al-Azhar University

King Abdulaziz University

Mansoura University

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Identification, characterization and ultrastructure aspects of Alfalfa mosaic virus infecting potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) in Egypt

Journal of Virological Sciences (2018)

Maha Ahmed Maher El-Abhar Moustafa Ahmed Slama Elkady Khaled M. Ghanem Hussieny Abd-Elhak Bosila

ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of this study is to characterize biologically and serologically AMV infecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Egypt. Moreover, the study described the histological and cytological effects of AMV infection in potato leaf cells. Background: Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is only virus in the genus Alfamovirus and has very wide host range among weed and crop plants which produces a variety of symptoms. It can cause problems in potato in some regions where vectors easily move into potato fields from reservoir host, particularly if a tuber necrosis-causing strain is involved. Methods: Leaf samples were collected on the basis of visual symptoms from potato plants with yellow blotching symptoms, called Calico and leaf distortion. A sap-transmitted virus isolated from potato was biologically purified after three successive single local lesion passages onto Chenopodium ammaranticolor which reproduced prominent local lesions. The virus isolate was then propagated in potato Ditta cv. plants, The virus was identified on the bases of host range, symptomatology, transmission and serological diagnosis, in addition to the ultrastructural changes pro duced in potato leaf cells infected with AMV Results: Reaction of thirteen plant species and cultivars belonging to four families (Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Laminaceae) to AMV infection was demonstrated. The presence or absence of the virus was verified by back inoculation onto healthy indicator host plant and/or ELISA test. AMV was readily transmitted by mechanical means and by Myzus persicae with percentage of 60 %. In addition to visible symptoms, infection with AMV also causes ultrastructural changes in potato leaf cells. Examination of epidermal strips of N. tabacum cv. White Burley using light microscope showed amorphous cytoplasmic inclusion bodies seemed to be attached to the nucleus from one or two sites, while those inclusions have never been observed in the epidermal stripes of healthy leaves. Electron microscopy, revealed cytological and histological changes induced by Alfalfa mosaic virus infection in potato leaves. Conclusion: In this work, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) characterized and ultrastructure aspected of infecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ) in Egypt illustrating important effect of AMV on potato plant

Solanum tuberosum

Alfalfa mosaic virus

Myzus persicae

Indicator plant

Potato virus X

Amaranthaceae

Chenopodiaceae

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Citations (8)

Phenotypic Characterization of Microbes in the Rhizosphere of Alyssum murale

International Journal of Phytoremediation (2003)

Reda A.I. Abou-Shanab Thierry Delorme J. S. Angle R. L. Chaney Khaled M. Ghanem

Abstract Metal hyperaccumulator plants like Alyssum murale are used for phytoremediation of Ni contaminated soils. Soil microorganisms are known to play an important role in nutrient acquisition for plants, however, little is known about the rhizosphere microorganisms of hyperaccumulators. Fresh and dry weight, and Ni and Fe concentrations in plant shoots were higher when A. murale was grown in non‐sterilized compared to sterilized soils. The analysis of microbial populations in the rhizosphere of A. murale and in bulk soils demonstrated that microbial numbers were affected by the presence of the plant. Significantly higher numbers of culturable actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi were found in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. A higher percent of Ni‐resistant bacteria were also found in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. Percentage of acid producing bacteria was higher among the rhizosphere isolates compared to isolates from bulk soil. However, proportions of siderophore producing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria were not affected by the presence of the plant. We hypothesize that microbes in the rhizosphere of A. murale were capable of reducing soil pH leading to an increase in metal uptake by this hyperaccumulator.

Bulk soil

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria

10.1080/16226510390268766

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Biodegradation and enhancement of 2,4-dichlorophenol by marine halophilic Bacillus subtilis AAK

The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2021)

Aïda M. Farag Asmaa Fawzy Moustafa Y. El‐Naggar Khaled M. Ghanem

Chlorophenolic compounds (CPs) are highly persistent environmental pollutants and very toxic to living organisms. The present study focused on 2,4-dichlrophenol (2,4-DCP) degradation by a marine isolated Bacillus subtilis AAK (accession number MF037698). The optimum pH and temperature for 2,4-DCP degradation were 8.0 and 37 °C, respectively. The strain has the ability to degrade six diverse phenolic compounds. As well, the biodegrading ability of cells was enhanced by the addition of glucose (2%). The components and cultural conditions were screened using Plackett-Burman experimental design which indicated that 2,4-DCP, yeast extract, MgSO4·7H2O, KCl, inoculum size and volume of the medium were positively significantly influenced the biodegradation. Bacillus subtilis AAK can remediate 2,4-DCP in the presence of some metal ions (Cu2+, Co2+, Ni and Zn2+) at a concentration of 20 mg/l without reducing their degradation ability. Therefore, the bacterial strain B. subtilis AAK has a potential application for improving the bioremediation of wastewater containing 2,4-DCP in addition to other phenolic compounds and heavy metals.

Degradation

Strain (injury)

Yeast extract

10.1016/j.ejar.2021.04.005

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Citations (10)

Rhizobacterial effects on nickel extraction from soil and uptake by Alyssum murale

New Phytologist (2003)

RA Abou‐Shanab JS Angle TA Delorme R. L. Chaney Peter van Berkum

• Alyssum murale has a remarkable ability to hyperaccumulate Ni from soils containing mostly nonlabile Ni. Here, rhizobacteria are shown to play an important role in increasing the availability of Ni in soil, thus enhancing Ni accumulation by A. murale. • Three bacteria, originally isolated from the rhizosphere of A. murale, were examined for their ability to solubilize Ni in soil and for their effect on Ni uptake into Alyssum. Sphingomonas macrogoltabidus, Microbacterium liquefaciens, and Microbacterium arabinogalactanolyticum were added to both sterile and nonsterile Ni-rich Serpentine soil from OR, USA. • Sphingomonas macrogoltabidus significantly reduced Ni extraction by 10 mM Sr(NO3)2 from soil, M. arabinogalactanolyticum significantly increased Ni extraction, whereas M. liquefaciens had no effect. Extractability of few other metals was affected by inoculation. When these bacteria were added to surface-sterilized seeds of A. murale grown in nonsterile soil, they increased Ni uptake into the shoot by 17% (S. macrogoltabidus), 24% (M. liquefaciens), and 32.4% (M. arabinogalactanolyticum), compared with uninoculated controls. • These results show that bacteria are important for Ni uptake, which from a commercial perspective, could significantly increase revenue generated during phytomining of Ni from soil.

10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00721.x

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Citations (326)

2,4-Dichlorophenol biotransformation using immobilized marine halophilic Bacillus subtilis culture and laccase enzyme: application in wastewater treatment

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (2022)

Aïda M. Farag Moustafa Y. El‐Naggar Khaled M. Ghanem

2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is a very toxic aromatic compound for humans and the environment and is highly resistant to degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient remediation and cost-effective approaches to this pollutant. Microbial enzymes such as laccases can degrade phenols, but limited information is known about immobilized bacterial laccase and their reuse.Immobilization of marine halophilic Bacillus subtilis AAK cultures via entrapment and adsorption techniques and degradation of different phenolic compounds by immobilized cells were estimated. Partial purification and immobilization of laccase enzymes were carried out. In addition, the biodegradation of 2,4-DCP and others contaminated by wastewater was investigated.Immobilization of cells and partially purified laccase enzymes by adsorption into 3% alginate increased 2,4-DCP biotransformation compared with free cells and free enzymes. In addition, the reuse of both the immobilized culture and laccase enzymes was evaluated. The highest removal of 2,4-DCP from pulp and paper wastewater samples inoculated by immobilized cells and the immobilized enzyme was 90% and 95%, respectively, at 50 h and 52 h of incubation, compared to free cells and free enzyme.The results of this study have revealed the immobilization of a biocatalyst and its laccase enzyme as a promising technique for enhancing the degradation of 2,4-DCP and other toxic phenolic and aromatic compounds. The reuse of the biocatalyst and its laccase enzyme enabled the application of this cost-effective bioremediation strategy.

Biotransformation

Biocatalysis

Microbial consortium

10.1186/s43141-022-00417-1

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Citations (8)

Amplification of theEscherichia coli lacZ gene inBacillus subtilis and its expression on a by-product growth medium

Journal of Basic Microbiology (2001)

Ehab R. El‐Helow Khaled M. Ghanem Eman A. Mohamad

A Bacillus subtilis wild type strain and a kinA (spoIIJ) isogenic mutant were compared as hosts for the expression of the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene, lacZ, driven by the B. subtilis aprE promoter in a chromosomal system. The 2 x SG sporulation formula, with some modifications, was used as a basal medium. The specific activity values recorded by the mutant strain at the stationary phase were markedly higher than those achieved by the wild type host. Exposure of the cells to increasing levels of chloramphenicol resulted in significant amplifications of the lacZ region. Gene copy numbers of 19 and 11 were estimated in the amplified wild type and kinA strains, respectively, with high segregational stability records. The magnitude of beta-galactosidase over-expression was dependent on, and roughly proportional to antibiotic resistance levels. Among five examined by-products, a 2.3-times diluted concentration of neutralized cheese whey was successfully used as a sole medium component for over-expression of the recombinant beta-galactosidase gene in B. subtilis.

Strain (injury)

Wild type

10.1002/1521-4028(200103)41:1<17::aid-jobm17>3.0.co;2-

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Citations (1)

Amplification of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene in Bacillus subtilis and its expression on a by‐product growth medium

Journal of Basic Microbiology (2001)

Ehab R. El‐Helow Khaled M. Ghanem Eman A. Mohamad

Wild type

Strain (injury)

10.1002/1521-4028(200103)41:1<17::aid-jobm17>3.0.co;2-#

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Citations (2)

Effect of some nutrients on sterols production by Penicillium crustosum Thom.

Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología (1990)

Khaled M. Ghanem Nevine B. Ghanem A. H. El‐Refai

The present paper deals with some factors allowing better conversion of the beet molasses sugar into sterols by the tested mold

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Psychobiotic Potential of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid–Producing Marine Enterococcus faecium SH9 from Marine Shrimp

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins (2022)

Shimaa El Sakkaa Eman H. Zaghloul Khaled M. Ghanem

Psychobiotics are a novel class of probiotics with potential to confer mental wellness via production of neuroactive compounds such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The demand for new biological sources of GABA has increased steadily. Therefore, the current study reports the isolation of 17 presumptive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from marine samples and their screening for GABA synthesis from monosodium glutamate (MSG) using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The isolate SH9 was selected as a high GABA producing strain. The GABA content of SH9 cell free supernatant (CFS) was quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to be 0.97 g/L. SH9 was identified biochemically and molecularly as Enterococcus faecium (identity 99%). Moreover, SH9 demonstrated promising probiotic potentials; it gave no signs of hemolysis and could survive at low pH values and high bile salt concentrations. It also exhibited antimicrobial activity against highly pathogenic strains and the ability to grow at 6.5% NaCl. In addition, SH9 CFS showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) gene was detected in SH9 by using specific primers. Product of 540 bp was obtained, sequenced, and analyzed (accession number: MW713382). The inferred amino acid sequence was 99.3% identical to Lactobacillus plantarum M-6 gadB gene. The findings of this study suggest that the marine isolate E. faecium SH9 could be used as a novel psychobiotics in the development of GABA rich healthy products.

Enterococcus faecium

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Monosodium glutamate

Enterococcus faecalis

10.1007/s12602-022-09963-z

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Citations (18)

Biosorption characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus in removal of cadmium from an aqueous solution

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (2009)

Saleh A. Mohamed Khaled M. Ghanem Abdulaziz Bahobail

Nineteen fungal species were isolated from soil contaminated with industrial wastes of which Aspergillus species were the most dominant. The growth of the isolates was notice by Cd concentration in growth medium, thus about 20% of the isolates can grow up to 50 mg Cd/100 ml medium and only Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum can grow at 100 mg Cd with growth decrease of 88.2 and 99.4%, respectively. The results revealed that the living biomass of the isolates were more efficient to biosorb Cd than their dried powdered biomass by 15 - 44%. The formulation of yeast peptone glucose (YPG) medium fortified the isolates by ingredients favored the best growth yields that have the highest Cd biosorption, compared to yeast malt extract (YM) and sabourad (Sb) media. The dried A. fumigatus biomass was the most efficient than other tested fungi. The influence of different treatments of dried A. fumigatus biomass on its Cd biosorption activity, indicated that 0.5 N NaOH and autoclaving was the most efficient treatment (3 fold increase as compared to untreated). The biosorption of Cd by treated A. fumigatus biomass was considerably influenced by the pH value of the biosorption medium, contact time, biomass levels and Cd concentration. Thus, 98% of Cd was absorbed in biosorption medium containing 10 mg Cd and 100 mg dried treated biomass/100ml bidistilled water at pH 5 after 90 min of contact, nitric acid (0.05 N) was the best Cd eluent (99.8%) as compared to the other eluents. The desorbed A. fumigatus biomass was successfully reused for 5 consecutive times for Cd biosorption with decrease reached to 28% at the 5th reuse.

Biosorption

Penicillium chrysogenum

Yeast extract

10.5897/ajb2009.000-9401

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Citations (51)