Abstract The initial stages of seamount subduction and associated deformation in an overriding accretionary wedge is rarely documented. Initial subduction of Bennett Knoll seamount and faulting of the overlying strata along the Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand, are here studied using multibeam swath bathymetry, subbottom profiles, and regional seismic reflection lines. Our results provide new insights into the earliest stages of seamount collision at sediment-rich margins. Differential shortening along the subduction front induced by seamount subduction is initially accommodated in the accretionary wedge by conjugate strike-slip faults that straddle the buried flanks of the seamount and offset the frontal thrusts by as much as 5 km. The geometries of the strike-slip faults are controlled by the seamount’s dimensions and aspect, the obliquity of plate convergence, pore-fluid pressure, and the thickness and rheology of the incoming sedimentary section. Strike-slip faults in such settings are ephemeral and overprinted by the formation of new structures as seamount subduction advances.
Although significant progress has been made in developing methods for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC), addressing word choice improvements has been notably lacking and enhancing sentence expressivity by replacing phrases with advanced expressions is an understudied aspect. In this paper, we focus on this area and present our investigation into the task of incorporating the usage of idiomatic expressions in student writing. To facilitate our study, we curate extensive training sets and expert-annotated testing sets using real-world data and evaluate various approaches and compare their performance against human experts.
Anthropogenic impacts are increasingly affecting deep-sea environments, including seafloor sediment disturbances by bottom trawling and seafloor mining. Fieldwork in the 'Resilience Of Benthic Ecosystems to Sedimentation' (ROBES) project were conducted in 2018–2020 on the 400 m-deep Chatham Rise crest, eastern Aotearoa New Zealand. Water column turbidity data, sediment traps on near-seabed moorings and benthic landers and surficial sediments from multi-corers provided baseline and post-impact information following an artificially induced seafloor disturbance event in June 2019 using a modified harrow plough in and around an elongated bathymetric depression, designated as the 'Butterknife'. During the disturbance, total mass and particulate organic carbon (POC) near-bed fluxes were elevated above long-term fluxes (2018–20). Long-term 2018–19 fluxes were generally less than in 2019–20, driven by interannual oceanographic variations. These results, coupled with 50–100 m-thick benthic boundary layers, suggest that lateral advection is a dominant process in the resuspension and redistribution of seafloor sediments on the rise. Further research is required to better understand the longer term dynamics of particle transport and deposition in response to human activities, such as bottom trawling or proposed phosphorite seafloor mining, especially in bathyal environments, such as the Chatham Rise.
Gunrock is the winner of the 2018 Amazon Alexa Prize, as evaluated by coherence and engagement from both real users and Amazon-selected expert conversationalists. We focus on understanding complex sentences and having in-depth conversations in open domains. In this paper, we introduce some innovative system designs and related validation analysis. Overall, we found that users produce longer sentences to Gunrock, which are directly related to users' engagement (e.g., ratings, number of turns). Additionally, users' backstory queries about Gunrock are positively correlated to user satisfaction. Finally, we found dialog flows that interleave facts and personal opinions and stories lead to better user satisfaction.
This paper presents the Corpus of Written Spanish of L2 and Heritage Speakers (COWS-L2H), a large corpus of compositions written by North American university students learning Spanish. The goals of this work are to (1) build a large corpus of Spanish learner writing that provides samples of written data from Spanish learners in the context of a North American university, (2) to contribute corpus data collected not only from second language (L2) learners of Spanish but also from learners of Spanish as a heritage language (SHL), and (3) to develop one of the few Spanish learner corpora to provide longitudinal data.
Most scholars focus on the prevalence and democratic effects of (partisan) news exposure. This focus misses large parts of online activities of a majority of politically disinterested citizens. Although political content also appears outside of news outlets and may profoundly shape public opinion, its prevalence and effects are under-studied at scale. This project combines three-wave panel survey data from three countries (total N = 7,266) with online behavioral data from the same participants (over 106M visits). We create a multi-lingual classifier to identify political content both in news and outside (e.g. in shopping or entertainment sites). We find that news consumption is infrequent: just 3.4% of participants' online browsing comprised visits to news sites. Only between 14% (NL) and 36% (US) of these visits were to news about politics. The overwhelming majority of participants' visits were to non-news sites. Although only 1.6\% of those visits related to politics, in absolute terms, citizens encounter politics more frequently outside of news than within news. Out of every 10 visits to political content, 3.4 come from news and 6.6 from non-news sites. Furthermore, exposure to political content outside news domains had the same - and in some cases stronger - associations with key democratic attitudes and behaviors as news exposure. These findings offer a comprehensive analysis of the online political (not solely news) ecosystem and demonstrate the importance of assessing the prevalence and effects of political content in non-news sources.
Kai-Hui Liang, Sam Davidson, Xun Yuan, Shehan Panditharatne, Chun-Yen Chen, Ryan Shea, Derek Pham, Yinghua Tan, Erik Voss, Luke Fryer. Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2023). 2023.
ABSTRACT Subduction trenches receive sediment from sediment gravity flows sourced from transverse pathways and trench parallel axial transport pathways. Understanding the interplay between axial and transverse sediment transport in shaping stratigraphic architectures is hindered by the episodic nature of sedimentary gravity flows and limited datasets, yet such insights are crucial for reconstructing sedimentary flow pathways and interpreting sedimentary records. We investigate sediment routing pathways to the northern Hikurangi Trough of New Zealand using a combination of multibeam, 2D and 3D seismic reflection and International Ocean Discovery Program core data from Site U1520. Site U1520's location downstream of axial and transverse conduits of sediment delivery makes it an excellent location to observe how these processes interact in deep marine settings. We characterise regional basin floor geomorphology and sub‐surface architecture of the upper ~110 m siliciclastic sequence of the Hikurangi Trough deposited over the past ~42 ka (Seismic Unit 1; SU1). Sediment delivery to the trough is fed by sediment gravity flows sourced from both the shelf‐incising transverse Māhia Canyon to the south‐west and the axial Hikurangi Channel to the south. Flows sourced from these systems have a strong influence on the geomorphology of the region and are responsible for forming large‐scale bathymetric features such as erosional scours and sediment waves. Sedimentary features identified within SU1 indicate that sediment transport via the transverse Māhia Canyon was more significant than that of the axial Hikurangi Channel throughout the last 42 ka, particularly during the last glacial period when sea levels were lower, and sedimentation rates were extremely high (up to ~20 m/kyr). This study emphasises the need for a nuanced consideration of transverse and axial systems and how they may influence sediment records and the geomorphic characteristics of trench systems.
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