Abstract Recently, the study of achaete‐scute ( AS‐C ) homologues has contributed enormously to understanding of gene duplication and function evolution, particularly in Diptera. We identified four AS‐C homologue genes in the silkworm, Bombyx mori , referred to as BmASH , BmASH2 , BmASH3 , and Bmase . The complex displayed tandem array structure in the genome. Analysis of spatial expression profiles showed that they all were expressed in obviously higher levels in wing disc than in other tissues, suggesting that they might play important roles in the development of the wing. Furthermore, we found that their expression profiles in the wing discs were mostly correlated with the development of the scales, especially the BmASH gene. RNA interference results further indicated that BmASH was necessary for scale formation in silkworm wing.
Part B: Applied Biomaterials is a highly interdisciplinary peerreviewed journal serving the needs of biomaterials professionals who design, develop, produce and apply biomaterials and medical devices.It has the common focus of biomaterials applied to the human body and covers all disciplines where medical devices are used.Papers are published on biomaterials related to medical device development and manufacture, degradation in the body, nano-and biomimetic-biomaterials interactions, mechanics of biomaterials, implant retrieval and analysis, tissue-biomaterial surface interactions, wound healing, infection, drug delivery, standards and regulation of devices, animal and pre-clinical studies of biomaterials and medical devices, and tissue-biopolymer-material combination products.
Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the key genes and related signal paths of sarcoidosis. RNA-seq of sarcoidosis were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database (GSE42826 and GSE42830) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from the two chip datasets. We uesd the gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Disease Ontology (DO) way to analyse DEGs, the cytoscape 3.8.2 softwarethe was uesd to visualize the DEGs. The ggpubr package was used to draw the volcano map of DEGs. Ggplot package to draw bubble charts for GO, KEGG, DO analysis. PPI analysis was used to identified hub genes, hub genes were verified in the GSE19314 dataset. 64 DEGs were obtained in the GSE42826 and GSE42830 datasets, of which 17 genes were down-regulated genes and 47 genes were up-regulated genes. GO analysis indicated that DEGs were mainly enriched in external stimuli, defense responses, and responses to biological stimuli in other biological processes, KEGG analysis showed that DEGs mainly affect NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, programmed pell death-ligand 1(PD-L1) expression, programmeddeath-1(PD-1) checkpoint pathways in cancer and cytoplasmic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sensing pathways. The results of DO analysis showed that DEGs were associated with bacterial infectious diseases, hepatitis, primary bacterial infectious diseases. 8 hub genes, including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), interferon induced protein 44 (IFI44) and interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3), were all significantly up-regulated in sarcoidosis group. Further analysis showed that sarcoidosis was sensitive to pinellia, radix isatidis, ephedra and phellodendri. This work showed that 10 hub genes may become relevant targets for diagnosis and treatment of patients with sarcoidosis and provided a new idea for the pathogenesis and treatment of sarcoidosis.