The present investigation was carried out during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study the effects of inbreeding depression in sunflower. In 2010 season, Giza102 an open-pollinated cultivar of sunflower was planted at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Stn., ARC. 100 plants were selected and selfed. After harvest, 23 S1 lines which produced enough seed were chosen for evaluation in the next season. In 2011 season, 23 S1 lines and Giza102 were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment with three replicates. Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, stalk diameter, head diameter, 100-achene weight, achene yield/plant, achene yield/plot and oil content. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among S1 lines for all studied traits. Broad sense heritability showed high estimates for all the studied traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variability (P.C.V) for various traits were relatively higher than genotypic coefficient of variability (G.C.V) for the S1 per se. Oil content was negatively and not significant correlated with head diameter, 100-achene weight, achene yield/plant and achene yield/plot. Achene yield/plot was positively and significant correlated with head diameter, 100-achene weight and yield/plant. The reduction of yield/plot of the S1 lines was 2.68% of the base pop. Achene yield/plot of 10 S1 lines per se were significantly or highly significantly fewer than the base pop. Giza102, while 8 S1 lines per se exceeded significantly or highly significant than the base pop. Giza102. The decrease in oil content due to inbreeding was 2.25%. Most of the S1 lines were less than the base population. The best ten S1 lines per se were Nos.1, 7, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20 and 21, which gave the higher oil content and some other desirable character were selected and used as parents to produce the first cycle selection
Abstract Simultaneously identify superior performing in terms of seed yield and seed oil content and broad adaptation across a wide range of different environments is an important target for sunflower breeder. So, 10 sunflower genotypes were evaluated across the eight various environments created by sowing at four locations i. e. Kafr El Hamam/ Sharkia, Shandaweel /Sohag, Tag El Ezz/ Dakahlia and Al Arish/ North Sinai Agricultural Research Stations, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt during the two successive summer seasons 2018 and 2019 using randomized complete block designs with four replications in each environment. Results showed that mean squares due to environments, genotypes and their interaction were highly significant for seed yield and seed oil content. Most stability approaches revealed that high performing stable genotypes were L240 for seed yield and Sakha 53, L110 and L235 for seed oil content under divergent environments. Hence, these four stable sunflower genotypes could be behaved as good breeding materials stock for sunflower improvement.
This study was carried out in the summer seasons of 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, at Shandaweel Agriculture Research Station, Agri.Res.Center.The main objectives of the present investigation are to improve population Giza 102 of sunflower through development of synthetic varieties by S 1 per se family, Half-sib and Top-crosses recurrent selection procedure.In 2013 season, the first cycle of selection (C1) per se, H.S and T.C selection methods were evaluated against the original population Giza 102 and check variety Sakha 53 at Shandaweel and Assiut Agric.Res.Sta.Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications were used in the two locations, to measure the actual gain from selection.Data were recorded on days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, stalk diameter, head diameter, 100-achene weight, achene yield/plant, achene yield/plot and oil content.Highly significant differences between the two locations were detected for the studied traits.The combined means over two locations of oil content were 42.00, 43.37, 41.37, 39.91 and 39.98 (%), for S 1 -cycle.H.S, T.C, original pop.and check variety, respectively.The differences between the three methods selection were significant, except between S 1 and T.C-cycle was not significant, but the differences between the first cycle selection, original pop.and check variety were significantly increased, except between the T.C-cycle and original pop.and check variety was not significantly increased.With respect to oil content, the observed gain from selection for S 1 and H.S family selection methods (5.24% and 8.67%), respectively, were higher than those of T.C (3.66%) selection method.Finally, the S 1 per se and H.S selection methods were more effective in improvement the population Giza 102 of sunflower than the T.C method.
Forty-six testcrosses sunflower produced in 2010 season from two testers, (A3 and A21).Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) and 23 S1 lines at Shandaweel Agri.Res.Station.In 2011 season, the experiment included 46 top-crosses, two testers (B3 and B21) and Giza102.The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used.Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, stalk diameter, head diameter, 100-achene weight, achene yield/plant, achene yield/plot and oil content.The results show highly significant differences among half-sibs for all the studied traits.These results indicate the presence of diversity among half-sib families.Heterosis of the best 10 H.S families in oil content relative to the grand mean ranged from 4.53 to 13.65% but the heterosis ranged from 2.37 to 11.04% relative to the base pop.were Nos. 3, 8, 17, 24, 28, 30, 34, 36, 38 and 46.The results indicated that the respective S1 lines would have good g.c.a for oil content and were selected as parents to produce the first cycle of recurrent selection for the H.S pop.Broad sense heritability (H) for half-sib families were high for all studied traits except for days to 50% flowering, it was moderate.Phenotypic coefficients of variability for various traits were relatively higher than genotypic coefficient of variability for H.S families because the phenotypic variance included the effect of environment.Oil content was negative and insignificant correlated with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, head diameter and 100-achene weight, but was positive, poor and insignificant with achene yield.Achene yield/plot was positively and highly significant correlated with achene yield/plant, 100-achene weight and head diameter.population undergoing selection (Mather & Jinks 1971; Roy 2000).Recurrent half-sib selection has been widely employed for improving populations in maize.It has been applied to the present sunflower population.Yenice & Arslan (1997) they reported that, hybrid vigour under irrigated conditions was 92.62% for oil yield, 77.90% for seed yield, 48.24% for diameter of the seedless center of the head, 8.87% for 1000-seed weight, 7.57% for husk percentage, 5.51% for oil percentage and 4.90% for stalk yield.There was no heterosis for plant height and head diameter.Nehru et al. (2000) found that the majority of the crosses showed heterosis for the mid-parental values indicating non-additive action.Seneviratne et al. (2004) found that heritability values were high for seed yield, 100-seed weight, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, head diameter and oil yield.High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for head diameter and oil yield.Syeda et al. (2011) found that, low to high level of genetic variability existed among the hybrids for head diameter, seed yield/plant and yield/hectare.Muhammad et al. (2013) found that the weight of hundred seed had positive but non-significant association with the head diameter and the seed yield.Seed yield had negative correlation with oil contents and suggested to break it either through conventional or novel breeding techniques to breed high yielding hybrids with maximum oil contents.The objectives of this study: 1. Estimate the heterosis as the best criterion for producing crosses.2. Identify the desirable S1 lines per se and availability to use these lines in synthetic variety production after testing of their combining abilities.Table (1) Form of the analysis of variance for H.S.
Abstract Statistically significant differences among tested safflower varieties either open pollination or control pollination plants for all quantitative and qualitative safflower yield parameters over two year. The pollinators of uncaged plants significantly increased the measured parameters than caged plants for all studied traits, except Oil % during both season The highest oil % in our study was obtained from L. Assad 1, (19.84 and 20.21%). while, The lowest oil content was determined as ( 18.04 and 19.03% ) in Giza 1 variety, at the both season respectively. L. Assad 1 is a promising line and cane use for large-scale production of edible oil.
Twenty three inbred lines (selfed) were top-crossed with two testers.The 46 top crosses along with their parents were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.The results showed highly significant mean square of crosses was observed for all the traits including days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, stalk diameter, head diameter, 100-achene weight, achene yield/plant, achene yield/plot and oil content, indicating significant variation for these traits.The mean squares due to lines were highly significant.While, variance among testers were highly significant only for plant height, head diameter and oil content.The results revealed that ten S1 lines (S 1 , S 3 , S 5 , S 7 , S 8 , S 11 , S 13 , S 15 , S 17 and S 23 ) exhibited positive GCA effects.Nine lines out of ten were significant or highly significant GCA effects.These lines should be considered as good combiners for oil content, and its implies that these lines possess favorable alleles with additive genetic effects for this trait.The same result was found by the analysis of half-sib families.Whereas, that the respective S 1 lines would have good g.c.a for oil content and selected as parent to produce the first cycle of recurrent selection for the population H.S. Concerning the SCA values for oil content, the results indicated that thirteen crosses were positive and significant or highly significant.These crosses were suitable combination and can be superior candidate for improving high oil content genotypes.Therefore, we are selected the best 10 crosses exhibited positive significant or highly significant, (S 1 × A 21 , S 3 × A 3 , S 4 × A 3 , S 5 × A 21 , S 8 × A 3 , S 14 × A 21 , S 15 × A 21 , S 17 × A 3 , S 20 × A 3 and S 23 × A 21 ) as parents to produce the first cycle of recurrent selection for population top crosses.1. Achene yield/plant, g: estimated as average of seed weight/head.2. Achene yield/plot, g: measured from the adjusted seed yield/plot.
Nine genetically diverse sunflower promising lines in their economic trait were crossed using line by tester mating design in 2018 spring season, to estimate per se performance, combining ability, heterosis, gene action and heritability for earliness, yield and its attributes traits. The parents involved four sunflower CMS lines namely L1 (A3), L2 (A5), L3 (A9) and L4 (A13) (called hereafter “Lines” (as female parents) and five sunflower genotypes T1 (RF9), T2 (RF10), T3 (RF11), T4 (RF14) and T5 (RF1) as male parents (called hereafter “Tester”). In 2018 and 2019 summer season, the nine parents along with their 20 F1s seeds were evaluated at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, ARC, Sohag Governorate, Egypt using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Mean squares due to parents (P), crosses (C), CMS lines (L), RF testers (T), P vs C and L x T were significant for all studied traits. A larger magnitude of non-additive gene action than additive was revealed by greater ratios (GCA/ SCA) than unity for all studied traits (except for days to 50% flowering). A5 and A13 of CMS lines and RF11 and RF14 of RF lines proved to be the best general combiners for seed weight plant-1 and one or more of its attributes traits. Moreover, the best cross combinations A13 x RF11, A13 x RF1 and A5 x RF9 performed better than other developed hybrids in view of seed weight plant-1 and one or more of its attributes, hence these F1 hybrids could further be used on commercial exploitation.
Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the nature of genotypes-environments interaction (GEI) and identify the most stable sunflower hybrids that can give high seed yield with high oil yield under a wide range of environmental conditions in Egypt.
Place and Duration of Study: Fifteen hybrids were evaluated across three years (2017 to 2019) and three locations (Giza, Ettay El-Barod and Shandaweel).
Study Design: The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.
Methodology: Analysis of variance, some stability methods as additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype main effects and genotype-by-environment interaction effects (GGE-biplot) were conducted. Results of stability indices were ranked as AMMI Stability Value (ASV), yield stability (YSI) and rank-sum (RSI) and heritability was estimated.
Results: Combined analysis revealed that GEI was highly significant, indicating the possibility of selection for stable ones. AMMI analysis confirmed that the seed yield performance of sunflower hybrids was largely influenced by the environment. On the contrary, environments recorded less impact on oil yield as compared to the effect of hybrids (genetics). Then, heritability estimate of oil yield trait (93.86%) was higher than the seed yield one (31.10%). Indices of YSI and RSI presented that hybrids (H15, H7 and H11) and (H7, H8 and H15) were the best stable promising ones in seed and oil yield, respectively. GGE-biplot analysis indicated that hybrids (H15, H7, H4 and H11) and (H7, H15, H8 and H15) were considered as the most ideal for seed and oil yield, respectively whereas Shandweel was the ideal environment for both.
Conclusion: Therefore, all analyses agreed on hybrids H15, H7 and H11 were considered as the most desirable and stable ones. These hybrids can be recommended for wider cultivation due to better seed and oil yield with stable performance across the test environments.
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