Purpose: To determine relationship between head circumference, gestational age and birth weight with stage of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). Study Design: Descriptive observational. Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi from January 2022 to June 2022. Methods: Infants born at or before 32 weeks of gestation, birth weight of less than or equal to 1500 grams at birth were enrolled. Their head circumference, gestational age and birth weight was measured and Fundoscopy was done to find out ROP. Staging of ROP was recorded four weeks after birth. The severity of ROP was correlated with head circumference, gestational age and birth weight. Results: Of the 82 infants with ROP, 44 (54%) were male and 38 (46%) were female. Mean gestational age was 30 ± 1.4 weeks (range 27-32 weeks),mean birth weight was 1275 ± 155 gram (range 800-1500), and mean Fronto Occipital Circumference (FOC) was 29 ± 1.6 cm (range 25-32 cm). Degree (stage) of ROP was as follows; 14 (17.1%) infants had stage 1 disease, 24 (29.3%) had stage 2 disease, 28 (34.1%) had stage 3 disease, 13 (15.9%) had stage 4 disease and 3 (3.7%) had stage 5 disease. There was statistically significant association of gestational age, birth weight and head circumference (FOC) with the degree of ROP (P<0.001) Conclusion: Head circumference, gestational age and birth weight had a significant association with degree of ROP (P<0.001).
Purpose: Postoperative inflammation is very common following phacoemulsification. We conducted this study to compare the effectiveness of intra-cameral dexamethasone injection with traditional topical steroids following phacoemulsification. Study Design: Quasi experimental Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, JPMC, Karachi from February 2022 to July 2022. Methods: A total of 60 patients were divided into two equal groups of 30 each. One group was treated with prophylactic intra-cameral dexamethasone at the end of phacoemulsification and the other group was given Balanced Salt Solution in its place. Both the groups were examined at post-operative day 1 and 7 for following parameters; best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intra-ocular pressures (IOP), anterior chamber cells and flare. Results: The dexamethasone group showed statistically significant improvement in anterior chamber cells and flare as compared to the placebo group at postoperative day 1 and 7 (p-value of 0.042 and 0.029 respectively for cells; p-value of 0.038 and 0.002 respectively for flare). HoweverBCVA and IOP showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups at postoperative day 1 and 7 (p-value 0.67 and 0.46 respectively for BCVA and 0.22 and 0.08 respectively for IOP). Conclusion: Intra-cameral dexamethasone is an effective way to control postoperative inflammation following phacoemulsification with reduced anterior chamber cells and flare. However, its effects on BCVA and IOP were comparable to topical steroids.
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