Simon Glicenstein

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

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M. Zelsmann

Institut polytechnique de Grenoble

Grégory Resch

University of Lausanne

E. Hadji

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

R. Houdré

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Pierre R. Marcoux

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

Emmanuelle Picard

CEA Grenoble

Ermira Tartari

University of Malta

Enrico Tartari

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Nicolas Villa

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

N. Villa

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Cooperative Institutions

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

CEA Grenoble

Université Grenoble Alpes

Institut polytechnique de Grenoble

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

CEA LETI

University of Lausanne

Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie

Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique

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Microcavités résonantes sur guide d’onde pour le piégeage de microorganismes

Simon Glicenstein Ermira Tartari Nicoletta Villa E. Picard P. Marcoux

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Optical trapping of bacteria for ultrafast bacteriophage lysis detection at the single-cell level

H. de Villiers de La Noue N. Villa Ermira Tartari Simon Glicenstein E. Picard

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On-Chip Optical Nanotweezers for Ultrafast Antibiotic and Bacteriophage Susceptibility Testing

Nicolas Villa Enrico Tartari Simon Glicenstein Emmanuelle Picard Pierre R. Marcoux

Rapid analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility is a challenge in the fight against infectious diseases. Here we report how the interaction between integrated optical tweezers and bacteria reveals antibiotic- and bacteriophage-induced physiological stresses.

10.1364/oma.2023.am2d.2

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Photonic crystal cavities as real-time sensors for single bacteria-antimicrobial interaction

Ermira Tartari N. Villa H. de Villiers de La Noue Simon Glicenstein Emmanuelle Picard

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Trapping of biological objects on SOI optical microresonators

Khouloud Arfaoui N. Villa Ermira Tartari Simon Glicenstein E. Picard

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On-Chip Optical Nanotweezers for Phage Trapping and Identification

Simon Glicenstein N. Villa Ermira Tartari Emmanuelle Picard Pierre R. Marcoux

With antibiotic resistance on the rise and expected to be a major health problem in the coming years [1], we are looking for alternative ways to treat bacterial infectious diseases. This work is in the scope of phage therapy, i.e. the use of therapeutic highly specific bacterial viruses called bacteriophages. As with the antibiotic susceptibility test (antibiogram), a phage susceptibility test (phagogram) that allows rapid and reliable testing of phage collections to identify the optimal phage(s) to administer to patients is highly desirable. Accordingly, we show here preliminary results of a new method to perform a phagogram with phages trapped on an optical chip. The system used is a silicon-on-insulator photonic chip containing L3 slotted 2D hollow photonic crystal cavities topped by a micro fluidic system allowing the transport of phages in their vicinity. The light confined in the cavity allows the trapping of nearby objects by gradient forces while the light collected at the output of the chip allows to deduce information about the trapped object. Circular 2D hollow cavities have been used previously to trap bacteria by means of a self-induced back action (SIBA)[2] mechanism and have demonstrated classification, and viability assessment of bacteria[3-5]. By changing the cavities to a linear cavity (SEM Image on figure 1: A) with an optical field (simulated near field intensity of the resonant mode on figure 1: B) more suitable to the trapping of 100 nm size viruses, we obtain photonic cavities allowing to trap phages and to distinguish different phages according to their families.

10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232707

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Photonic Crystal Cavities for Ultrafast Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing at the Single-Bacterium Level

Enrico Tartari Nicolas Villa Hugues de Villiers de la Noue Simon Glicenstein Khouloud Arfaoui

10.1109/biosensors61405.2024.10712681

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On-Chip Nanotweezers for Ultrafast Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing at the Single-Cell Scale: The Case of Bacteriophages

Ermira Tartari Simon Glicenstein N. Villa Emmanuelle Picard E. Hadji

Bacteriophages, i.e. bacterial viruses, are nowadays considered a promising strategy to fight against bacterial infectious diseases (phage therapy). However, their strong species-specificity requires performing so-called phagograms to select the right phage(s) for the right patient based on the lysis capacity of the tested phages on the infecting strain. Meanwhile, it is crucial to decrease as much as possible the time-to-result delay since mortality often depends on the treatment delivery time. We present an optofluidic chip, composed of microfluidic layers embedding silicon photonic crystal resonant cavities, which allows for strong light localization and, thus, the possibility to optically trap objects at powers lower than the damage threshold of biological entities [1]. Since trapping occurs in the near field of the optical resonator, the object's presence, nature and even residual movement within the trap lead to a direct modification of the resonant frequency of the optical cavity. This process allows for the acquisition of information such as the refractive index and the morphology of the trapped object [2]. With this approach, we achieved the trapping and differentiation of several types of living bacteria [3]. We will show the direct observation of bacteria-bacteriophage lytic interaction in an H2 hollow cavity, whose scanning electron microscope (SEM) image and resonant mode near field intensity are depicted in Fig. 1(A-B), respectively. The transmission signal over time collected from a lytic event of a single Escherichia coli B cell infected by Myoviridae T4 bacteriophages is presented in Fig. 1(C). The insets show the state of the bacterium before and after the lysis.

Lytic cycle

Bacterial virus

10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231793

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Monitoring of Single‐Cell Bacterial Lysis by Phages Within Integrated Optical Traps

Advanced Optical Materials (2025)

Enrico Tartari Nicolas Villa Hugues de Villiers de la Noue Simon Glicenstein Emmanuel Picard

Abstract The bacterial ecosystem is naturally balanced by viruses known as bacteriophages. Accordingly, they represent an emerging adjuvant to antibiotics to fight bacterial infections. However, the interaction of a single bacterium with bacteriophages remains poorly understood. Here, the use of nanoscale light engineering for the fundamental study of single bacterium‐phages interaction is demonstrated. The ability to monitor the lysis of single Escherichia coli cells challenged by two different types of bacteriophages in silicon‐on‐insulator photonic crystal (PhC) cavities is shown. These nanostructures allow for the optical trapping of a single phage‐infected bacterium and their resonant nature allows deciphering the viability of the bacterium by continuously sensing its interaction with the optical field. L3 and H2 PhC cavities are used for the experiments. While the L3 allows for a fine investigation of the bacterial outer membrane, the H2 allows for the optical trapping of the bacterium even after lysis. The analysis of the post‐lysis bacterial response provides information that correlates with phage‐specific properties. These results, obtained without any need for preliminary labeling nor bioreceptors, deepen the understanding of the fundamentals of bacteria‐phages interaction and pave the way to novel breakthrough tools for phage therapy and more generally for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Bacterial virus

10.1002/adom.202402586

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Trapping of biological objects on SOI guided optics’ micro-resonators

Khouloud Arfaoui Simon Glicenstein M. Zelsmann Pierre R. Marcoux Emmanuelle Picard

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