Bonita Seaton

Goddard Space Flight Center

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Alan Johns

Goddard Space Flight Center

Francis Wasiak

Goddard Space Flight Center

Curtis Fatig

Goddard Space Flight Center

Ronald C. Jones

Baylor University Medical Center

William Ochs

Goddard Space Flight Center

Wallace Jackson

Northrop Grumman (United States)

Jeff A. Valenti

Space Telescope Science Institute

M. Stiavelli

Space Telescope Science Institute

N. Earl

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Anton M. Koekemoer

Space Telescope Science Institute

Cooperative Institutions

Space Telescope Science Institute

455

Goddard Space Flight Center

280

Northrop Grumman (United States)

124

Johns Hopkins University

Michigan Science Center

University of Arizona

European Space Agency

European Space Research and Technology Centre

Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

Max Planck Society

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The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

arXiv (Cornell University) (2023)

Jonathan P. Gardner John C. Mather R. Abbott James S. Abell Mark Abernathy

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.

Spitzer Space Telescope

Aperture (computer memory)

10.48550/arxiv.2304.04869

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Citations (12)

James Webb Space Telescope: L2 communications for science data processing

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2008)

Alan Johns Bonita Seaton Jonathan Gal-Edd Ronald C. Jones Curtis Fatig

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the first NASA mission at the second Lagrange point (L2) to identify the need for data rates higher than 10 megabits per second (Mbps). The JWST will produce approximately 235 gigabits (Gb) of science data every day. In order to get this data downlinked to the Deep Space Network (DSN) at a sufficiently adequate date rate, a Ka-band 26 gigahertz (GHz) frequency (as opposed to an X-band frequency) will be utilized. To support the JSWT's utilizations of Ka-band, the DSN is upgrading its infrastructure. The range of frequencies in the Kaband is becoming the new standard for high data rate science missions at L2. Given the Ka-band frequency range, the issues of alternative antenna deployment, off-nominal scenarios, NASA implementation of the Ka-band at 26 GHz, and navigation requirements will be discussed in this paper. The JWST is also using the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standard process for reliable file transfer using CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP). For the JWST mission, the use of the CFDP protocol enables level zero processing at the DSN site. This paper will address NASA implementation of ground stations in support of Ka-band 26 GHz and lessons learned from implementing a file based protocol (CFDP).

Gigabit

Deep space exploration

Heliocentric orbit

10.1117/12.777377

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Citations (4)

The Building Blocks for JWST I and T (Integrations and Test) to Operations - From Simulator to Flight Units

Curtis Fatig William Ochs Alan Johns Bonita Seaton Cynthia L. Adams

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Project has an extended integration and test (IT a large-scale mission like JWST involves international partners, many vendors across the United States, and competing needs for the same systems. One of the challenges is resource balancing so simulators and flight products for various elements congeal into integrated systems used for I&T and flight operations activities. This building block approach to an incremental buildup provides for early problem identification with simulators and exercises the flight operations systems, products, and interfaces during the JWST I&T test programs. The JWST Project has completed some early I&T with the simulators, engineering models and some components of the operational ground system. The JWST Project is testing the various flight units as they are delivered and will continue to do so for the entire flight and operational system. The JWST Project has already and will continue to reap the value of the building block approach on the road to launch and flight operations.

Flight test

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The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2023)

Jonathan P. Gardner John C. Mather R. Abbott James S. Abell Mark Abernathy

Spitzer Space Telescope

Aperture (computer memory)

10.1088/1538-3873/acd1b5

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Citations (212)

James Webb Space Telescope: applying lessons learned to I&T

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2008)

Alan Johns Bonita Seaton Jonathan Gal-Edd Ronald C. Jones Curtis Fatig

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is part of a new generation of spacecraft acquiring large data volumes from remote regions in space. To support a mission such as the JWST, it is imperative that lessons learned from the development of previous missions such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Earth Observing System mission set be applied throughout the development and operational lifecycles. One example of a key lesson that should be applied is that core components, such as the command and telemetry system and the project database, should be developed early, used throughout development and testing, and evolved into the operational system. The purpose of applying lessons learned is to reap benefits in programmatic or technical parameters such as risk reduction, end product quality, cost efficiency, and schedule optimization. In the cited example, the early development and use of the operational command and telemetry system as well as the establishment of the intended operational database will allow these components to be used by the developers of various spacecraft components such that development, testing, and operations will all use the same core components. This will reduce risk through the elimination of transitions between development and operational components and improve end product quality by extending the verification of those components through continual use. This paper will discuss key lessons learned that have been or are being applied to the JWST Ground Segment integration and test program.

Cost reduction

10.1117/12.777370

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Citations (1)

The building blocks for JWST I&T to operations: from simulator to flight units

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2012)

Francis Wasiak William Ochs Alan Johns Bonita Seaton Cynthia L. Adams

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Project has an extended integration and test (I&T) phase due to long procurement and development times of various components as well as recent launch delays. The JWST Ground Segment and Operations group has developed a roadmap of the various ground and flight elements and their use in the various JWST I&T test programs. The JWST Project's building block approach to the eventual operational systems, while not new, is complex and challenging; a large-scale mission like JWST involves international partners, many vendors across the United States, and competing needs for the same systems. One of the challenges is resource balancing so simulators and flight products for various elements congeal into integrated systems used for I&T and flight operations activities. This building block approach to an incremental buildup provides for early problem identification with simulators and exercises the flight operations systems, products, and interfaces during the JWST I&T test programs. The JWST Project has completed some early I&T with the simulators, engineering models and some components of the operational ground system. The JWST Project is testing the various flight units as they are delivered and will continue to do so for the entire flight and operational system. The JWST Project has already and will continue to reap the value of the building block approach on the road to launch and flight operations.

10.1117/12.921818

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Citations (1)

MODIS provides a satellite focus on Operation Iraqi Freedom

International Journal of Remote Sensing (2006)

Steven D. Miller J. D. Hawkins T. F. Lee F. Joseph Turk K. Richardson

Extreme weather conditions over southwest Asia posed significant challenges to military operations conducted during the 2003 Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) campaign. This paper describes an effort to provide improved environmental characterization by way of a suite of value‐added satellite imagery tools leveraging moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Available from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terra and Aqua platforms, these research‐grade data were made available to operational users in 2 to 3 hours turn‐around time via a near real‐time processing effort (NRTPE) interagency collaboration between the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA, and the Department of Defense (DoD). Derived products were packaged into a centralized online graphical user interface, Satellite Focus, which provided a one‐stop resource for satellite information over the southwest Asia domain. A central goal of Satellite Focus was to expedite information gathering while augmenting the capabilities of users tasked to synthesize a wide variety of environmental information in support of time‐critical decisions impacting operational safety and mission success. Presented herein are several examples illustrating the unprecedented capabilities available to Coalition Force users during OIF enabled by near real‐time access to Terra/Aqua MODIS.

Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer

10.1080/01431160500383772

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Citations (19)