Part 1 Sacred painting. Images of private devotion: alpha the Madonna and child omega the dead Christ piety, politics and patronage God in His world - sacred subjects in landscape settings. Ravished Souls: images for public devotion, the Quattrocento alterpieces Bellini in the New Century - the last altarpieces. Part 2 Secular painting. Portraits and patricians Roaming at His Will - allegories and mythologies Celestial Honours - old Bellini and young Titian.
Abstract : This Report describes an investigation of the accuracy of a FST (field Sobriety Test) batter used in the marine environment. FSTs rely on the observation and measurement of the effect of alcohol intoxication on coordination, visual tracking and balance. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was any decrease in the accuracy of the tests when used under recreational boating conditions. In the study, 97 volunteers were dosed with alcohol (four drinks over three and one half hours) in a recreational boating setting. The subject's BACs (Blood Alcohol Concentration) were estimated through FST procedures by marine law enforcement agents experienced in the use of such procedures. The officers correctly identified the subjects who would be legally intoxicated (BACs equal to or greater than 0.10%) in 82% of all cases. The overall correlation of the officer's FST based estimates with BACs obtained using breath tests was approximately .70. This level is consistent with similarly obtained correlations from highway studies. Calculation of indices of the officer's arrest-release performances revealed that FST tests used on the water can result in the arrest of significantly more intoxicated boaters while maintaining a very low level of false arrests. It was concluded that the accuracy of FST batteries are not degraded in the marine environment. (sdw)
This report describes an exploratory first phase of an investigation of human stress and fatigue in the merchant marine. Its principal purposes were to: survey the effects of fatigue on human performance in the transportation industries; describe the state of the art in measuring fatigue; investigate the causes of stress and fatigue on merchant ships; summarize the insights gained about the implications of reduced manning as well as measures to mitigate fatigue; and discuss the results of preliminary attempts to gauge fatigue during the routing voyages using survey methods. The findings in this report are based primarily upon about three dozen extended interviews conducted with officers on five merchant vessels during brief coastal voyages. In the course of these interviews, more than a score of variables were identified which affect fatigue and stress, which may be grouped into organizational factors, voyage and scheduling factors, ship-design factors, and physical/environmental factors. These interact in complex fashion resulting in widely different levels of fatigue on different ships and in different situations. The physiological and behavioral methods of fatigue measurement reviewed were found to be difficult to apply during routine operations, but the self-reporting survey techniques tested eventually proved quite workable. It was concluded that organization and design factors could provide opportunities under some circumstances for the design and operation of advanced merchant ships which can be sailed safely and efficiently by well-rested crews which are smaller than are common today.
Proposed ultra-high-speed ground transportation systems, such as Maglev, may have motion characteristics affecting passenger comfort different from anything previously experienced in ground transportation. These motions not only include isolated vertical maneuvers but also repeated motions. For these repeated motions the power spectra is as important as the magnitude in predicting kinetosis. Segments of the New York State Thruway were simulated by flying an airliner through a series of several dozen roll maneuvers based on nine combinations of speed and curvature. The combinations were also simulated using a moving base simulator which provided a geometrically accurate ‘‘out of the window view.’’ Analysis of the data lead to the following conclusions: (1) More than 95% of the public would accept isolated maneuvers involving bank angles up to 37° and roll rates up to 7°/s. (2) The majority found the plane simulation comfortable and felt no motion sickness. Differences between subjects’ appear to have been greater than the physical effects of the differences in bank angle. (3) Cumulative dosage and duration of exposure showed significant correlation with the motion-sickness ratings procedure developed based on the work of M. J. Griffin and British Standard 6841:1987.
As a part of the International Government-Industry Program on Track Train Dynamics, the performance of engineers in freight train handling was studied by recording and analyzing train operations and engineer responses under field conditions. Data collection took place during regular revenue freight operations over five representative railroads containing varied terrain and operating conditions. Data collection was accomplished by using a digital data aquisition system specifically designed for this study. Levels of engineer performance was evaluated through the use of an objective rating form specifically designed for this study. Scores on this form was correlated with digitally recorded data. Engineers were found to consistently respond to changes in locomotive drawbar force as indicated on the cab loadmeter. Higher-rated engineers tended to make fewer and more accurate responses than lower-rated engineers. No systematic pattern of response to cab accelerations was found, nor was a systematic change in smoothness of performance revealed over the length of a trip. Frequency of the use of various controls was found to depend more on railroad terrain and procedures then on indicidual engineer skills.
