Introduction: Oligella infections are rare and have been only rarely reported in the literature. This may be due to the misidentification of Oligella as a Moraxella -like organism. To the best of our knowledge, we present what we believe to be the first case report on Oligella urethralis bacteraemia in India. Case presentation: A 65-year-old female patient with compromising underlying illness presented with signs and symptoms of bacteraemia. The organism was initially identified as Fransciella tularensis by a bioMérieux colorimetric VITEK 2 Compact GN ID card, but 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the isolate as O. urethralis . Conclusion: The case emphasizes the importance of O. urethralis as an emerging opportunistic pathogen. Although automated systems allow accurate and rapid identification of commonly isolated bacterial organisms, they are less likely to correctly identify slow-growing, fastidious, rare or biochemically inert organisms. Therefore, it is good to confirm such isolates with a second method such as 16S sequencing and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS.
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