This study was conducted to propose an optimal methodology for deriving a standard model from existing residential buildings. To strategically improve existing residential buildings, it is necessary to identify standard models that can be used as quantitative standards. In this study, a total of six methods were established for different algorithms in the dimensionality reduction and clustering stage of the data preprocessing stage. In addition, a total of 22,342 households’ data were analyzed, and a total of 26 variables were used to perform cluster analysis. The process of method 6 (data pre-processing, principal components analysis, clustering [K-medoids], verification) was proposed as a way to derive the standard model from the existing Korean housing. The method proposed in this study is capable of deriving a number of standard models considering all variables (n) in a single analysis. The representative building derived in this study contains a lot of building data, so it can be effectively used for planning and research related to buildings on a regional and national scale. In addition, this process can be applied to various buildings to derive representative buildings.
Purpose : Currently, 25% of the domestic energy consumption structure is used as building energy, and more than 18% of this energy is consumed in the residential. Accordingly, various efforts and policies that can save energy of the building is being performed. The various researchers are conducting research to diagnose the thermal performance of existing buildings. This study is to apply in the field of precision thermal insulation performance diagnostic method for thermal performance analysis of existing detached house in Seoul, Gangreung, Gyeongju, Pohang. And this paper is analyzed quantitatively measure the existing detached house energy performance. Method: Research methodology analyzed the thermal performance over the Heat Flow Meter method by applying the measurement process and method by applying the criteria of ISO 9869-1 & ASTR method. In this study, the surface heat transfer coefficient was calibrated by applying indoor surface heat transfer resistance with reference to ISO 6946 standard. The measurement error rate between the HFM diagnosis method and the ASTR diagnosis method was reduced and the measurement reliability was obtained through measurement method error verification. Result : As a result of the study, the thermal performance vulnerable parts of the building were quantitatively analyzed, and presented for methods which can be improved capable of efficient energy use buildings.
Purpose : Currently, the building sector accounts for about 24% of total domestic energy use. There is a growing need for building energy efficiency. In particular, in low-income households, the energy efficiency of the buildings is very low due to the characteristics of the aged buildings, resulting in an increase in heating costs and maintenance costs, resulting in an increase in fuel cost / current income ratio. In terms of energy saving of buildings, the energy efficiency improvement project for low-income households is to improve energy-efficient buildings by improving the insulation performance of the outer cover and improving the performance of the equipment. In order to improve the energy efficiency improvement projects and policies of low-income households, it is necessary to accurately diagnose the present condition of the support target households. Method : In this study, through the precise diagnosis of the building wall, numerical measurement and review of the poorest part in the actual building is conducted numerically, and then the building is insulated so that it can be carried out within the actual budget range. In addition, indoor air quality (CO2 concentration, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds) was measured through simple analysis of the air environment in the actual residence space, and the effect of improving the residential environment before and after construction was analyzed. Result : The analysis of wall insulation performance data was analyzed to quantitatively analyze areas where the wall insulation performance was weak and to improve (repair, replace, insulate) buildings.
A new government report on climate change shows that global emissions of greenhouse gases have increased to very high levels despite various policies to reduce climate change. Building energy accounts for 40% of the world’s energy consumption and accounts for 33% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. This study applied the LEAP (Long-range energy alternatives planning) model and Bass diffusion method for predicting the total energy consumption and GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions from the residential and commercial building sector of Sejong City in South Korea. Then, using the Bass diffusion model, three scenarios were analyzed (REST: Renewable energy supply target, BES: Building energy saving, BEP: Building energy policy) for GHG reduction. The GHG emissions for Sejong City for 2015–2030 were analyzed, and the past and future GHG emissions of the city were predicted in a Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario. In the REST scenario, the GHG emissions would attain a 24.5% reduction and, in the BES scenario, the GHG emissions would attain 12.81% reduction by 2030. Finally, the BEP scenario shows the potential for a 19.81% GHG reduction. These results could be used to guide the planning and development of the new city.
One way to achieve carbon neutrality is by improving the energy performance of existing buildings, which requires accurate measurements. In particular, accurate measurement of heat loss coefficient (HLC) is critical because a building envelope is an important parameter of the energy performance analysis. The international standard for measuring HLC is heat flow meter (HFM) method in ISO 9869-1, which can be used to obtain the HLC at representative points on the building envelope. However, this approach does not account for the HLC of thermal bridges, which means that adding up the HLCs obtained for individual elements of the building envelope underestimates the total HLC of the building. In this study, the in situ thermal bridge measurement (TBM) method, which combines the HFM method and the coheating test, was proposed. In situ TBM can quantitatively measure the HLCs of multiple thermal bridges within an existing building envelope without requiring information on the internal structure or material properties. Measurement tests in an experimental chamber demonstrated that the in situ TBM method can be used to quantify the HLC of thermal bridges, which are missed when the HFM method is used alone.
Purpose: In order to upgrade the energy performance of existing building, energy audit stage should be implemented first because it is useful method to find where the problems occur and know how much time and cost consumption for retrofit. In overseas researches, three levels of audit is proposed whereas there are no standards for audit in Korea. Besides, most studies use dynamic simulation in detail like audit level 3 even though the level 2 can save time and cost than level 3. Thus, this paper focused on audit level 2 and proposed the audit method with the simple linear regression analysis model. Method: Two parameters were considered for the simple regression analysis, which were the monthly electric use and the mean outdoor temperature data. The former is a dependent variable and the latter is a independent variable, and the building's energy performance profile was estimated from the regression analysis method. In this analysis, we found the abnormal point in cooling season and the more detailed analysis were conducted about the three heat source equipments. Result: Comparing with real and predicted models, the total consumption of predicted model was higher than real value as 23,608 kWh but it was the results that was reflected the compulsory control in 2013. Consequently, it was analyzed that the revised model could save the cooling energy as well as reduce peak electric use than before.
We experimented with the energy saving effect of applying a multiplex heat pump system and suggests a dissemination plan for new and existing educational facilities. The development and dissemination of a new system could reduce energy consumption by up to 57%, and help solve environmental issues. Experimental performance evaluated in the kindergarten to analyze the energy saving effect of the cooling and heating system. The average daily COP of the cooling and heating period in the field test was 3.79. Our results showed that the annual energy consumption was reduced, and proved that the multiplex heat pump system is effective in reducing energy consumption.
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