Zusammenfassung In der osteopathischen wie auch in der schulmedizinischen Praxis stellen sich oft Patienten mit einer Mischsymptomatik vor. Der Patient benennt Symptome, die auf den ersten Blick nicht zusammenpassen. In diesem Artikel sollen die anatomischen Grundlagen der HWS inklusive ihrer Embryologie zum besseren Verständnis und zur sichereren Diagnostik- und Therapieplanung dargestellt werden.
Secretory meningiomas are a rare histological subtype of these benign intracranial tumors. Few reports have been published regarding their tendency to develop peritumoral edema.Between July 1994 and February 1999, 11 patients with secretory meningiomas underwent operations in the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. The clinical notes and radiological data (computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans) were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen as well as progesterone and estrogen receptors.Secretory meningiomas were found in 11 (5%) of 214 patients with intracranial meningiomas who were operated on in that period. All 11 patients were women. These patients' mean age was 65 years (range, 51-87 yr). The localization of these tumors was at the convexity in seven patients, at the sphenoid ridge in two patients, and in the olfactory groove and petroclival region in one patient each. Two meningiomas had no edema surrounding them, two meningiomas had a small amount of edema, two had moderate edema, and five had severe edema. No recurrences were observed during the mean follow-up period of 26 months (range, 8-65 mo). Immunohistochemically, all tumors contained pseudopsammoma bodies and reacted with epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen. The MIB-1 antibody staining index showed a mean of 2% (range, 0-7%).Secretory meningiomas are rare tumors, and they are mainly localized at the frontal convexity and the sphenoid ridge. They are surrounded by more edema than usual. The preponderance of female patients with this presentation is striking. The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen is a characteristic feature of secretory meningiomas. These meningiomas are also positive for progesterone receptors, which has been shown to be a good prognostic factor.
Objective: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a majour cause of morbidity and mortality in neurosurgical patients. Despite the overall poor prognosis a range in survival times exists. Many approaches have been undertaken to define patient subgroups based on molecular changes. The aim of this study was to assess a possible correlation between the immunohistochemical p53, Mdm2, EGFR and Msh2 expression and age. Method: 143 patients (77 male, 66 female) were included in this retrospective study who underwent craniotomy for newly-diagnosed GBM between May 1994 and February 2000. For statistical analysis, patients were separated into three age groups: 1. < 40 years, 2. 40-60 years, 3. > 60 years. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was performed using anti-p53 (clone DO-1), anti-Mdm2 (clone IF-2), anti-EGFR (clone H11) and anti-Msh2 antibodies (clone AB-1). The results were compared with the Ki67/MIB-1 proliferation index (Ki67 PI) and patient survival. Findings: P53 protein expression was significantly decreasing with advanced age (p < 0.05) whereas EGFR and Mdm2 expression was increasing (p < 0.05; p=0.01). Msh2 expression was unrelated to age. Multivariate analysis revealed Msh2 protein expression as a significant predictor of prolonged survival (p=0.004) whereas p53, Mdm2 and EGFR were not associated with patient survival. P53, Mdm2, EGFR and Msh2 expression was not associated with the Ki67 PI. Interpretion: Our results support the hypothesis that in GBM patients a complex relationship exists between the p53, Mdm2 and EGFR expression and age. Msh2 expression is not related to age. Notably, nuclear Msh2 expression turned out to be an independent prognostic indicator.
Anatomical evidence and lesion studies, as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, indicate that the cerebellum contributes to higher cognitive functions. Cerebellar posterior lateral regions seem to be relevant for cognition, while vermal lesions seem to be associated with changes in affect. However, the results remain controversial. Deficits of patients are sometimes still attributed to motor impairment.We present data from a detailed neuropsychological examination of 21 patients with cerebellar lesions due to tumour or haematoma, and 21 controls matched for age, sex, and years of education.Patients showed deficits in executive function, and in attentional processes such as working memory and divided attention. Further analysis revealed that patients with right-sided lesions were in general more impaired than those with left-sided lesions.Those hypotheses that suggest that lesions of the right cerebellar hemisphere lead to verbal deficits, while those of the left lead to non-verbal deficits, have in part been confirmed. The generally greater impairment of those patients with a right-sided lesion has been interpreted as resulting from the connection of the right cerebellum to the left cerebral hemisphere, which is dominant for language functions and crucial for right hand movements. Motor impairment was correlated with less than half of the cognitive measures, with no stronger tendency for correlation with cognitive tests that require motor responses discernible. The results are discussed on the basis of an assumption that the cerebellum has a predicting and preparing function, indicating that cerebellar lesions lead to a "dysmetria of thought."
Predictors of improved quality of life after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) are still incompletely known. To determine the predictors of improving the quality of life six months after coronary artery bypass surgery. We studied 208 consecutive patients, who underwent elective CABG. The Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire part 1 was used as the model for quality of life determination. Questionnaire contains 38 subjective statements divided into six sections: physical mobility, social isolation, emotional reaction, energy, pain and sleep. We distributed the questionnaire to all patients before CABG and six months after CABG. The mean age of patients was 58,8 ± 8,2 years, 82% were males. The comparison between mean preoperative and postoperative scores showed that improvement was found in 53.7% of patients, worsening in 12.5%, quality of life before and after the intervention was normal in 26.7%, and no changes in quality of life was at 7.08%. Independent predictors of patients improvement by CABG were as follows: absence of previous myocardial infarction in the physical mobility section (p=0.03; OR=0.59; CI 0.40-0.92), higher CCS angina class in the physical mobility (p=0.006; OR=2.34; CI 1.46-3.32), energy (p=0.02; OR=1.70; CI 1.29-2.64) and pain sections (p<0.001; OR=4,64; CI 2.27-7.31), mail gender in the pain section (p=0.03; OR=0.45; CI 0.26-0.62) and younger age in the pain section (p=0.01; OR=0.69; CI 0.41-0.85). The predictive factors for quality of life improvement six months after CABG are higher CCS angina class, absence of previous myocardial infarction, mail gender and younger age.
HWS-Beschwerden zählen zu den häufigsten Problemfeldern bei Patienten, z. B. Zervikozephalgien (HWS- und Kopfschmerzen), Zervikomyalgien (Schulter-Nacken-Schmerzen) und Zervikobrachialgien (HWS-Armschmerzen). Gleichzeitig ist die HWS eine extrem sensible Region. Sie ist funktionell mit fast allen Körperstrukturen vernetzt, sodass HWS-Beschwerden ihre Ursache am gesamten Körper haben können.