R. Marino

Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique

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L. Sorriso‐Valvo

Institute for the Science and Technology of Plasmas

D. Rosenberg

Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences

R. Bruno

Columbia University

A. Pouquet

NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research

Fabio Feraco

Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique

P. D. Mininni

University of Buenos Aires

V. Carbone

University of Calabria

Daniele Telloni

Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

A. Noullez

Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

R. D’Amicis

Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology

Cooperative Institutions

National Institute for Astrophysics

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

University of Florence

Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie

University of Calabria

University of California, Berkeley

Goddard Space Flight Center

Imperial College London

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

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Vertical drafts and mixing in stratified turbulence: sharp transition with Froude number

arXiv (Cornell University) (2018)

Fabio Feraco R. Marino Alain Pumir Leonardo Primavera P. D. Mininni

We investigate the large-scale intermittency of vertical velocity and temperature, and the mixing properties of stably stratified turbulent flows using both Lagrangian and Eulerian fields from direct numerical simulations, in a parameter space relevant for the atmosphere and the oceans. Over a range of Froude numbers of geophysical interest ($\approx 0.05-0.3$) we observe very large fluctuations of the vertical components of the velocity and the potential temperature, localized in space and time, with a sharp transition leading to non-Gaussian wings of the probability distribution functions. This behavior is captured by a simple model representing the competition between gravity waves on a fast time-scale and nonlinear steepening on a slower time-scale. The existence of a resonant regime characterized by enhanced large-scale intermittency, as understood within the framework of the proposed model, is then linked to the emergence of structures in the velocity and potential temperature fields, localized overturning and mixing. Finally, in the same regime we observe a linear scaling of the mixing efficiency with the Froude number and an increase of its value of roughly one order of magnitude.

Froude number

Intermittency

10.48550/arxiv.1806.00342

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Citations (1)

Scaling Laws of Turbulence and Heating of Fast Solar Wind: The Role of Density Fluctuations

Physical Review Letters (2009)

V. Carbone R. Marino L. Sorriso‐Valvo A. Noullez R. Bruno

Incompressible and isotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in plasms can be described by an exact relation for the energy flux through the scales. This Yaglom-like scaling law has been recently observed in the solar wind above the solar poles observed by the Ulysses spacecraft, where the turbulence is in an Alfv\'enic state. An analogous phenomenological scaling law, suitably modified to take into account compressible fluctuations, is observed more frequently in the same dataset. Large scale density fluctuations, despite their low amplitude, play thus a crucial role in the basic scaling properties of turbulence. The turbulent cascade rate in the compressive case can moreover supply the energy dissipation needed to account for the local heating of the non-adiabatic solar wind.

Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence

Energy cascade

Energy flux

10.1103/physrevlett.103.061102

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Citations (108)

Statistics of single-particles in a numerical simulation of atmospheric turbulence in presence of rotation and stratification.

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2020)

Leonardo Primavera Fabio Feraco Dhawal Buaria R. Marino Alain Pumir

Stratification (seeds)

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The transport of low-frequency turbulence in the super-Alfvénic solar wind

Journal of Physics Conference Series (2015)

L. Adhikari G. P. Zank R. Bruno Daniele Telloni P. Hunana

Understanding the transport of low-frequency turbulence in an expanding magnetized flow is very important in analyzing numerous problems in space physics and astrophysics. Zank et al 2012 developed six general coupled turbulence transport equations, including the Alfvén velocity to describe the transport of low-frequency turbulence for any inhomogeneous flows, including sub-Alfvénic coronal flows, and super-Alfvénic solar wind flows. Here, we solve the 1D steady state six coupled turbulence transport equations of Zank et al 2012, and the transport equation corresponding to the solar wind temperature in the super-Alfvénic solar wind flows from 0.29 to 100 AU without the Alfvén velocity. We calculate turbulent quantities corresponding to Voyager 2 data sets for three cases; i) a positive and negative sign of Br; ii) the azimuthal angle ϕ = tan-1(Bt/Br), and iii) a positive and negative sign of Bt, where Br and Bt are the radial and transverse components of the interplanetary magnetic field, respectively. We compare our theoretical results to the observational results, and find good agreement between them.

10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012001

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Citations (22)

Geostrophic balance and the emergence of helicity in rotating stratified turbulence

Bulletin of the American Physical Society (2012)

R. Marino P. D. Mininni D. Rosenberg A. Pouquet

We perform numerical simulations of decaying rotating stratified turbulence and show, in the Boussinesq framework, that helicity (velocity-vorticity correlation), as observed in super-cell storms and hurricanes, is spontaneously created due to an interplay between buoyancy and rotation common to large-scale atmospheric and oceanic flows. Helicity emerges from the joint action of eddies and of inertia-gravity waves (with inertia and gravity with respective associated frequencies $f$ and $N$), and it occurs when the waves are sufficiently strong. For $N/f < 3$ the amount of helicity produced is correctly predicted by a quasi-linear balance equation. Outside this regime, and up to the highest Reynolds number obtained in this study, namely $Re\approx 10000$, helicity production is found to be persistent for $N/f$ as large as $\approx 17$, and for $ReFr^2$ and $ReRo^2 $ respectively as large as $\approx 100$ and $\approx 24000$.

Helicity

Rossby number

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Scaling laws for the energy transfer in space plasma turbulence

Physics Reports (2022)

R. Marino L. Sorriso‐Valvo

Astrophysical plasma

Energy flux

Heliosphere

Energy transformation

10.1016/j.physrep.2022.12.001

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Citations (58)

Resolving the Paradox of Oceanic Large-Scale Balance and Small-Scale Mixing

Physical Review Letters (2015)

R. Marino A. Pouquet D. Rosenberg

A puzzle of oceanic dynamics is the contrast between the observed geostrophic balance, involving gravity, pressure gradient, and Coriolis forces, and the necessary turbulent transport: in the former case, energy flows to large scales, leading to spectral condensation, whereas in the latter, it is transferred to small scales, where dissipation prevails. The known bidirectional constant-flux energy cascade maintaining both geostrophic balance and mixing tends towards flux equilibration as turbulence strengthens, contradicting models and recent observations which find a dominant large-scale flux. Analyzing a large ensemble of high-resolution direct numerical simulations of the Boussinesq equations in the presence of rotation and no salinity, we show that the ratio of the dual energy flux to large and to small scales agrees with observations, and we predict that it scales with the inverse of the Froude and Rossby numbers when stratification is (realistically) stronger than rotation. Furthermore, we show that the kinetic and potential energies separately undergo a bidirectional transfer to larger and smaller scales. Altogether, this allows for small-scale mixing which drives the global oceanic circulation and will thus potentially lead to more accurate modeling of climate dynamics.

Rossby number

Froude number

Stratification (seeds)

Energy cascade

Stratified flows

Secondary circulation

10.1103/physrevlett.114.114504

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Citations (84)

Clinical Significance of Diplopia and the Orthoptic Examination in Zygomatic Maxillary Complex Fractures

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery (2024)

Enrico Nastro Siniscalchi Giorgio Lo Giudice Alessandro Calvo R. Marino Paola Bonavolontà

Literature describes variable rates of diplopia of associated with zygomatic maxillary complex (ZMC) fractures (6% to 40%). The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the prevalence of diplopia in ZMC fracture patients, the usefulness of the orthoptic evaluation compared with the clinical finger-tracking examination, and to seek possible relations of this symptom with clinical parameters. Data of patients attending the Maxillofacial Surgery Units of the University of Messina and University of Naples “Federico II”, between January 2012 and December 2022 were retrieved. Statistical analysis of positive versus negative diplopia at both the clinical examination and the orthoptic evaluation and subgroup analysis were performed. 320 patients were included in the analysis. 50 (15.6%) patients reported diplopia at the clinical examination, whereas 70 (21.9%) resulted positive at the orthoptic evaluation. Statistical analysis for every determinant and subgroup did not show statistical significance ( P >0.05). Performing routine preoperative orthoptic evaluation allowed an increase of 6.3% in positive reports. Although it seems that no basic clinical parameter can predict diplopia, results suggest that the orthoptic evaluation is superior in the assessment of this symptom. Clinical analysis was shown to be a moderate/low efficient test and should not be used as a decisional standard.

Orthoptics

Statistical Analysis

Clinical Significance

10.1097/scs.0000000000010356

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Scaling Laws of Turbulence: the role of density fluctuations in the heating of fast Solar Wind

AGU Fall Meeting (2009)

V. Carbone R. Marino L. Sorriso‐Valvo A. Noullez R. Bruno

Scaling law

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Does Turbulence along the Coronal Current Sheet Drive Ion Cyclotron Waves?

arXiv (Cornell University) (2023)

Daniele Telloni G. P. Zank L. Adhikari Lingling Zhao Roberto Susino

Evidence for the presence of ion cyclotron waves, driven by turbulence, at the boundaries of the current sheet is reported in this paper. By exploiting the full potential of the joint observations performed by Parker Solar Probe and the Metis coronagraph on board Solar Orbiter, local measurements of the solar wind can be linked with the large-scale structures of the solar corona. The results suggest that the dynamics of the current sheet layers generates turbulence, which in turn creates a sufficiently strong temperature anisotropy to make the solar-wind plasma unstable to anisotropy-driven instabilities such as the Alfvén ion-cyclotron, mirror-mode, and firehose instabilities. The study of the polarization state of high-frequency magnetic fluctuations reveals that ion cyclotron waves are indeed present along the current sheet, thus linking the magnetic topology of the remotely imaged coronal source regions with the wave bursts observed in situ. The present results may allow improvement of state-of-the-art models based on the ion cyclotron mechanism, providing new insights into the processes involved in coronal heating.

Current sheet

10.48550/arxiv.2302.10545

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