Abstract. Kismiyati, Hidayat YT, Amin M. 2024. Morphological and molecular identifications of ectoparasites infesting the gills of scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus Linnaeus, 1758. Biodiversitas 25: 372-378. Ectoparasite infestation has been reported to cause stress, weaken the immune system, and disturb respiratory systems, which lead to death in cultured spiny lobsters. Many lobster farmers have reported an infestation of ectoparasites in cultured scalloped spiny lobsters in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. However, fewer studies have been conducted to identify the ectoparasite-infesting scalloped spiny lobster cultured in West-Nusa Tenggara Province. Thus, using morphological and molecular approaches, the present study aimed to identify ectoparasites infesting scalloped spiny lobsters (Panulirus homarus Linnaeus, 1758). A total of 30 scalloped spiny lobsters were collected from lobster farmers at Ekas, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, and ectoparasites were observed and identified morphologically under a microscope as well as confirmed using CO1 gene sequences. The results showed that the ectoparasites were morphologically identified as Octolasmis angulata Aurivillius, 1894 and Octolasmis lowei Darwin, 1852. Similarly, based on the mtDNA sequence of the COI region (~721 bp length), the ectoparasite was also referred to O. angulata (95.65% similarity) and Octolasmis lowei (~683 bp length) with a similarity of 98.75%. These results suggest that ectoparasite has become one potential disturbance in lobster aquaculture; therefore, preventing or curing strategies should be developed.
Members of Bangladesh Armed Forces work in two different malaria endemic area, Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in Bangladesh and Sub-Saharan countries in Africa. This under-recognized group remained unexplored for long in respect to drug resistant falciparum malaria they usually suffer from. In this study, a total of 252 ‘dried blood samples on filter paper’ were collected between November 2014 and February 2016, from Plasmodium falciparum positive Bangladeshi troops working in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh and five Sub Saharan African Countries namely, Central African Republic (CAR), Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, Mali and Ivory Coast. After DNA extraction from all these samples (94 from Bangladesh and 138 from African countries), plasmodium species was confirmed by a nested PCR following standard protocol with minor modifications. Thereafter, a multiplex nested PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was employed to investigate the presence of chloroquine resistance marker ‘K76T mutation’ in P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporters (pfcrt) gene and lumifantrine and mefloquine resistance marker ‘N86Y mutation’ in P. falciparum multidrug resistance1 (pfmdr1) gene. The P. falciparum DNA was confirmed in 35 (37.23%) Bangladeshi and 45 (28.48%) African samples. The ‘pfcrt (K76T) mutation’ that confers resistance to chloroquine, was detected in 93.10% Bangladeshi and 29.27% African samples. The ‘pfmdr1 (N86Y) mutation’ that confers resistance to lumifantrine and mefloquine, was detected in 20.69% Bangladeshi and only 2.44% African samples. The higher prevalence of chloroquine resistance of P. falciparum in Bangladesh than in African countries revealed that possible withdrawal of chloroquine from endemic areas and also periodic molecular survey to monitor pf resistance to chloroquine, mefloquine, lumefantrine and artemisinin among these troops working in both endemic areas.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 37 Number 1 June 2020, pp 1-6
Chromium (Cr) ions, discharging from different industrial activities, especially from leather tanning industries, are becoming a major threat for the environment and human health. Therefore, elimination of chromium ions from industrial effluents should be addressed with great attention. Hence, this study was conducted for evaluating the possibilities of using an agricultural waste "flax" to eliminate Cr (III) ions from aqueous solutions. In order to assess the effects of various experimental parameters (i.e., contact time, pH, adsorbent amount, initial chromium ion concentration and particle size) on Cr (III) ions adsorption process, the batch adsorption study was conducted. This study revealed that adsorption of Cr (III) ions by flax required 420 min to reach equilibrium. On the other hand, the maximum (~70%) Cr (III) ions removal was observed at pH value of 2.0. The desorption efficiency with 0.5 M KOH was found to be 90%. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models were in better correlation with experimental data, according to equilibrium studies. Kinetic experiments showed that the first order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.01 min−1. Use of real wastewater sample became a great success for removing of Cr (III). This result suggests that the flax plant has the potentiality to become an effective and environmentally friendly economical adsorbent for the removal of Cr (III) ions significantly from waste water.
Abstract The objectives of this research were: 1) determine the effect of feed supplementation using velvet beans ( Mucuna pruriens ) seed extract with different doses on the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency of silver barb ( R. argyrotaenia ), 2) determine the optimal dose of feed supplementation using velvet beans seed extract in silver barb on the value of feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments of commercial feed without any addition (P0), 0.1 ml/kg velvet beans seed extract addition (P1), 1 ml/kg velvet beans seed extract addition (P2), 10 ml/kg velvet beans seed extract addition (P3), 35 ml/kg velvet seed beans extract addition (P4) in four replication for each treatments. The results of the supplementation with a different concentration of velvet beans seed extract addition showed significant difference (P < 0.05) on the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency of R. argyrotaenia . The highest efficiency and feed conversion ratio of the supplementation of R. argyrotaenia feed obtained from addition of 0.1 ml/kg velvet beans seed extract.
Abstract Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease has been a major challenge faced by white shrimp farmers in many shrimp-producing countries inducing Indonesia. The etiological agent of this disease was a virulent strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus . However, a technology to treat or to prevent the disease infection has not been established yet, and probiont could be a potential approach for this disease. Thus, this study aimed at screening 35 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that originated from the gastrointestinal tract of wild white shrimp for the production of antivibrio compounds using an agar well diffusion. The result showed that three LAB strains (LAB-1, LAB-2, and LAB-3) showed antivibrio activity indicated by the formation of clearance zone (diameter of >10mm) on the diffusion agar plate. When the extracellular products (ECP) were incubated with proteinase K, the antivibrio activity was disappeared which indicated that the antimicrobial compounds were bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). Phenotypic studies suggest that the LAB were Labctobacillus sp. (LAB-1 and LAB-2), and Enterococcus sp. (LB-3). These results suggest these LAB are potential candidates for preventing V. parahaemolyticus . Infection, although, further assays by in vivo using live white shrimp, are still required.
ABSTRACTPlankton has been considered an important live diet for various marine species including spiny lobster larvae. Thus, studying the diversity and abundance of plankton taxa in the natural settlement habitat of spiny lobster larvae might reveal alternative live diets for the larvae. The study was conducted in Tawang Bay, an important habitat for spiny lobsters in East Java, Indonesia. Plankton samples were collected using a plankton net and analysed using eDNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing. Of the collected samples, 26 phyla, 40 classes, 54 orders, 75 families, 85 genera, and 97 species were identified. Further analysis indicated that the diversity index was considered moderate as the value was 2.16, while the uniformity and dominance indices were 0.22 and 0.24, respectively, which indicates that there is no dominant plankton species in Tawang Bay. Among the identified taxa, at least 18 species including Acartia bispinosa, Oithona simplex, Oithona sp., Pseudodiaptomus euryhalinus, Calocalanus pavo, and Calocalanus minutus are potential live diets for larvae of aquaculture species including lobster and therefore should be further studied.KEYWORDS: DominancediversityeDNA metabarcodingplanktonuniformity AcknowledgementsThe authors thank all colleges at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, who kindly provided technical advice during the experiment.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Republic of Indonesia [under scheme: Fundamental Research 2023], and by Universiti Brunei Darussalam [under the Faculty/Institute/Center Research Grant No. UBD/RSCH/1.4/FICBF(b)/2021/037, UBD/RSCH/1.4/FICBF(b)/2022/051].Notes on contributorsEndang D. MasithahEndang D. Masithah is a lecturer in the Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga.Muhamad AminMuhamad Amin is a lecturer in the Master Program of Fisheries Science, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga.Muhammad G. FadhilahMuhammad G. Fadhilah is a student in the Aquaculture Study Program, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga.Laila MusdalifahLaila Musdalifah is a researcher at the Research Center for Fishery, National Research and Innovation Agency, Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.Hussein TahaHussein Taha is a lecturer in the Environmental and Life Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam.Takaomi AraiTakaomi Arai is a is a full professor in the Environmental and Life Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam.
Duckweed used as adsorbent material for arsenic (III) removal from groundwater.The results of this study showed that adsorption of arsenic (III) by duckweed without any pretreatment.Various parameters are investigated that affect arsenic adsorption/desorption.Maximum arsenic (III) removal was obtained under the following conditions: initial As (III) concentration, 100 µg/L; Duck weed amount, 3 g; average particle size, 0.595 mm; treatment flow rate, 1.67 mL/min; and pH, 5.5, respectively.The desorption efficiencies with 1M H 2 SO 4 was observed 97.67%.The present work meets the arsenic concentration required for drinking water recommended by Bangladesh and the World Health Organization (WHO) water quality criteria for drinking water.
The adsorption technique using jute sticks has been applied for the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions. The extent of removal was dependent on concentration of phenol, contact time, pH, and quantity of adsorbent. With an initial concentration of 40 ppm phenol in 100 mL and pH 10.0, the removal was found to be about 68% with 3.0 g jute stick. The time to reach equilibrium was found to be 5 hr. The applicability of Freundlich isotherm to the adsorption of phenol system was tested at 25 0 C to 40 0 C at pH 10.0. The spent adsorbent was regenerated by acid treatment.
