Two subjects presented with periodic leg movement (PLM) syndrome during sleep that was characterized by marked sleep fragmentation and repetitive short central apnoeas. Treatment of PLM using Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine with hypnotic properties, markedly reduced the sleep fragmentation due to PLM and, despite its depressant properties on the central nervous system, controlled the repetitive central apnoeas. These two observations, although rare, give insight into the role of non-ventilatory variables in the development of sleep apnoea. Significant sleep fragmentation should be considered when assessing factors leading to respiratory instability during sleep and/or the pathophysiology of sleep apnoea syndromes.
The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' perceptions of global health experiences from an international partnership. Nursing organizations have identified global health care as core knowledge. To address global health care competencies and culture awareness, activities were designed by nursing faculty in Finland and the United States. A mixed-method questionnaire was given to 111 students. Data suggest contact with international nursing peers and learning activities increased understanding of health issues in another culture and increased student self-confidence and communication. Developing a partnership between nursing schools can result in positive global health learning experiences for students.
The proportion of cases of hepatitis B who receive counselling on how to prevent transmission and for whom at-risk contacts are offered vaccination is low. A centralised arrangement under the management of the local CCDC can provide a comprehensive contract tracing service.
