José Muñiz

Universidad Nebrija

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Eduardo Fonseca‐Pedrero

Universidad de La Rioja

106

Mercedes Paíno

Universidad de Oviedo

Serafín Lemos Giráldez

Universidad de Oviedo

Eduardo García‐Cueto

Universidad de Oviedo

Marcelino Cuesta

Universidad de Oviedo

Susana Sierra‐Baigrie

Universidad de Oviedo

Javier Suárez‐Álvarez

University of Massachusetts Amherst

Javier Ortuño‐Sierra

Universidad de La Rioja

Rubén Fernández-Alonso

Gobierno del Principado de Asturias

ÁP

Álvaro Postigo

Universidad de Oviedo

Cooperative Institutions

Universidad de Oviedo

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Universitat de València

Gobierno del Principado de Asturias

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Universidade de São Paulo

Universidad de La Rioja

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red

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The structure of schizotypal personality traits: a cross-national study

Psychological Medicine (2017)

Eduardo Fonseca‐Pedrero Martin Debbané Javier Ortuño‐Sierra Raymond C. K. Chan David C. Cicero

Background Schizotypal traits are considered a phenotypic-indicator of schizotypy, a latent personality organization reflecting a putative liability for psychosis. To date, no previous study has examined the comparability of factorial structures across samples originating from different countries and cultures. The main goal was to evaluate the factorial structure and reliability of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) scores by amalgamating data from studies conducted in 12 countries and across 21 sites. Method The overall sample consisted of 27 001 participants (37.5% males, n = 4251 drawn from the general population). The mean age was 22.12 years ( s.d. = 6.28, range 16–55 years). The SPQ was used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Multilevel CFA (ML-CFA) were used to evaluate the factor structure underlying the SPQ scores. Results At the SPQ item level, the nine factor and second-order factor models showed adequate goodness-of-fit. At the SPQ subscale level, three- and four-factor models displayed better goodness-of-fit indices than other CFA models. ML-CFA showed that the intraclass correlation coefficients values were lower than 0.106. The three-factor model showed adequate goodness of fit indices in multilevel analysis. The ordinal α coefficients were high, ranging from 0.73 to 0.94 across individual samples, and from 0.84 to 0.91 for the combined sample. Conclusions The results are consistent with the conceptual notion that schizotypal personality is a multifaceted construct and support the validity and utility of SPQ in cross-cultural research. We discuss theoretical and clinical implications of our results for diagnostic systems, psychosis models and cross-national mental health strategies.

Schizotypal personality disorder

10.1017/s0033291717001829

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Homework and Performance in Mathematics: The Role of the Teacher, the Family and the Student’s Background //Deberes y rendimiento en matemáticas: papel del profesorado, la familia y las características del alumnado

Revista de Psicodidáctica (2015)

Rubén Fernández-Alonso Javier Suárez‐Álvarez José Muñiz

10.1387/revpsicodidact.13939

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Psychometric properties of the Perceptual Aberration Scale and the Magical Ideation Scale in

Eduardo Fonseca‐Pedrero Mercedes Paíno Serafín Lemos Giráldez Eduardo Garcı́a-Cueto Úrsula Villazón-García

The vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders appears to be expressed across a dynamic continuum referred to as schizotypy. The Wisconsin- Madison psychosis-proneness scales are among the most extensively used self-reports for its measurement; however, the psychometric properties have not been widely investigated in Spanish populations. The aim of this instrumental work was to study the reliability and validity of the psychosis-proneness scales Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) and Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) in its adaptation into Spanish. The sample was composed of 737 college students with a mean age of 20.3 (SD = 3.3). The results indicated that both Wisconsin-Madison scales showed adequate psychometric properties. The construct validity analysis carried out on the matrix of polychoric correlations showed that both scales presented an essentially unidimensional solution. The Cronbach alpha coefficients were .96 (PAS) and .93 (MIS). The correlation between the total scores of both scales was .60. The Perceptual Aberration Scale and Magical Ideation Scale seem to be useful self-reports for the identification of subjects with a higher risk of developing schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Future research should replicate these findings in samples of other nationalities, determine the contribution

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Exploring the Factorial Structure of the Self-Concept

European Psychologist (2010)

Paula Elosua José Muñiz

The factorial structure of a self-concept scale (Autoconcepto Forma 5) was analyzed as a function of gender and the language used for its completion: Basque and Spanish. The analyses were performed sequentially starting with confirmatory factor analysis, followed by multiple-group, multiple-indicator analysis, and mean and covariance structure analysis. The five-dimensional structure of the scale (academic, social, emotional, family-related, and physical self-concept) was supported by the progressive factorial invariance analysis. It was concluded that there was partial measurement invariance and that differences across groups were derived from the latent mean values.

Factorial

Factorial analysis

Analysis of covariance

10.1027/1016-9040/a000006

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Validation of a computer-adaptive test to evaluate generic health-related quality of life

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (2010)

Pablo Rebollo Ignacio Castejon Jesús Cuervo Guillermo Villa Eduardo Garcı́a-Cueto

Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is a relevant variable in the evaluation of health outcomes. Questionnaires based on Classical Test Theory typically require a large number of items to evaluate HRQoL. Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT) can be used to reduce tests length while maintaining and, in some cases, improving accuracy. This study aimed at validating a CAT based on Item Response Theory (IRT) for evaluation of generic HRQoL: the CAT-Health instrument. Cross-sectional study of subjects aged over 18 attending Primary Care Centres for any reason. CAT-Health was administered along with the SF-12 Health Survey. Age, gender and a checklist of chronic conditions were also collected. CAT-Health was evaluated considering: 1) feasibility: completion time and test length; 2) content range coverage, Item Exposure Rate (IER) and test precision; and 3) construct validity: differences in the CAT-Health scores according to clinical variables and correlations between both questionnaires. 396 subjects answered CAT-Health and SF-12, 67.2% females, mean age (SD) 48.6 (17.7) years. 36.9% did not report any chronic condition. Median completion time for CAT-Health was 81 seconds (IQ range = 59-118) and it increased with age (p < 0.001). The median number of items administered was 8 (IQ range = 6-10). Neither ceiling nor floor effects were found for the score. None of the items in the pool had an IER of 100% and it was over 5% for 27.1% of the items. Test Information Function (TIF) peaked between levels -1 and 0 of HRQoL. Statistically significant differences were observed in the CAT-Health scores according to the number and type of conditions. Although domain-specific CATs exist for various areas of HRQoL, CAT-Health is one of the first IRT-based CATs designed to evaluate generic HRQoL and it has proven feasible, valid and efficient, when administered to a broad sample of individuals attending primary care settings.

Ceiling effect

Cross-sectional study

Item bank

10.1186/1477-7525-8-147

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Multifactor implicit measures to assess enterprising personality dimensions

Psicothema (2018)

Víctor Martínez‐Loredo Marcelino Cuesta Luis Manuel Lozano Fernández Ignacio Pedrosa José Muñiz

Several implicit measures have been proposed to overcome limitations of self-reports. The present study aimed to develop a new implicit association test (MFT-IAT) to assess enterprising-related traits, exploring its reliability and validity evidence.A total of 1,142 individuals (Mean age 42.36 years, SD = 13.17) from the general population were assessed. Participants were asked about sociodemographic data, employment status, and personality traits using the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality (BEPE). They completed an MFT-IAT designed to assess the BEPE's traits (achievement motivation, autonomy, innovativeness, self-efficacy, locus of control, optimism, stress tolerance and risk taking). Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFAs) were performed to assess the internal structure of the MFT-IAT. Correlations and a Multiple Analysis of Variance were used to estimate validity evidence based on the relationship towith participants' employment status.EFAs provided validity evidence for all dimensions with high internal consistency (a = .92-.93). Correlations between implicit and explicit measures were non-significant. Non- implicit measures yielded significant differences between employment statuses.This is a pioneering study in this field and more research is needed to improve the feasibility and practicality of implicit measures in applied assessment settings.

Implicit-association test

Incremental validity

10.7334/psicothema2018.204

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Development of a computerized adaptive test to assess entrepreneurial personality

Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica (2020)

Álvaro Postigo Marcelino Cuesta Ignacio Pedrosa José Muñiz Eduardo Garcı́a-Cueto

Abstract Background/objective Entrepreneurial behavior is of great importance nowadays owing to its significance in the generation of economic, social, personal, and cultural wellbeing. This behavior is influenced by cognitive and personality characteristics, as well as by socioeconomic and contextual factors. Entrepreneurial personality is made up of a set of psychological traits including self-efficacy, autonomy, innovation, internal locus of control, achievement motivation, optimism, stress tolerance, and risk-taking. The aim of this research is the development of a computerized adaptive test (CAT) to evaluate entrepreneurial personality. Method A bank of 120 items was created evaluating various aspects of the entrepreneurial personality. The items were calibrated with the Samejima Graded Response Model using a sample of 1170 participants ( M age = 42.34; SD age = 12.96). Results The bank of items had an essentially unidimensional fit to the model. The CAT exhibited high accuracy for evaluating a wide range of θ scores, using a mean of 16 items with a very low standard error ( M = 0.157). Relative validity evidence for the CAT was obtained with two additional tests of entrepreneurial personality (the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality and the Measure of Enterpreneurial Tendencies and Abilities ), with correlations of .908 and .657, respectively. Conclusions The CAT developed has appropriate psychometric properties for the evaluation of entrepreneurial people.

Locus of control

Need for achievement

10.1186/s41155-020-00144-x

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Experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y consumo de sustancias en universitarios

Adicciones (2016)

Eduardo Fonseca‐Pedrero Javier Ortuño‐Sierra Mercedes Paíno José Muñiz

Psychotic disorders, as well as psychotic-like experiences and substance use, have been found to be associated. The main goal of the present study was to analyse the relationship between psychoticlike experiences and substance use in college students. The simple comprised a total of 660 participants (M = 20.3 years, SD = 2.6). The results showed that 96% of the sample reported some delusional experience, while 20.3% reported at least one positive psychotic-like experience. Some substance use was reported by 41.1% of the sample, differing in terms of gender. Substance users reported more psychoticlike experiences than non-users, especially in the positive dimension. Also, alcohol consumption predicted in most cases extreme scores on measures of delusional ideation and psychotic experiences. The association between these two variables showed a differentiated pattern, with a stronger relationship between substance use and cognitive-perceptual psychotic-like experiences. To some extent, these findings support the dimensional models of the psychosis phenotype and contribute a better understanding of the links between psychoticlike experiences and substance use in young adults. Future studies should further explore the role of different risk factors for psychotic disorders and include models of the gene-environment interaction. Los trastornos del espectro esquizofrénico, así como las experiencias psicóticas, se han asociado con un mayor consumo de sustancias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y el consumo de sustancias en adultos jóvenes. La muestra la formaron un total de 660 participantes universitarios (M = 20,3 años; DT = 2,6). Los resultados mostraron que un 96% de la muestra informó de alguna experiencia de ideación delirante, mientras que el 20,3% informó de, al menos, una experiencia atenuada de tipo cognitivo-perceptual. El 41,1% de la muestra refirió algún consumo de sustancias, encontrándose diferencias en función del género. Los participantes consumidores informaron de un mayor número de experiencias psicóticas, sobre todo de tipo positivo. Asimismo, el consumo de alcohol predijo, en la mayoría de los casos, las puntuaciones extremas en las medidas de ideación delirante y experiencias pseudopsicóticas. La asociación entre estas dos variables parece mostrar un patrón diferenciado, encontrándose el consumo de sustancias más relacionado con las experiencias pseudo-psicóticas de tipo cognitivoperceptual. Estos hallazgos parecen apoyar los modelos dimensionales del fenotipo psicótico y permiten mejorar la comprensión de la relación entre las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y el consumo de sustancias en adultos jóvenes. Futuros estudios deberían seguir analizando el papel de los factores de riesgo a los trastornos psicóticos, así como incorporar modelos de interacción gen x ambiente.

10.20882/adicciones.781

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Editorial: Bridging the Gap Between Research and Policy in Fostering Social and Emotional Skills

Frontiers in Psychology (2020)

Javier Suárez‐Álvarez Rubén Fernández-Alonso Patrick C. Kyllonen Filip De Fruyt Eduardo Fonseca‐Pedrero

EDITORIAL article Front. Psychol., 25 March 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00426

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00426

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LA UTILIZACIÓN DE LOS TESTS EN ESPAÑA

Papeles del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers (2000)

José Muñiz José Ramón Fernández Hermida

Los tests constituyen una de las tecnologias de recogida de datos mas utilizadas por los psicologos en el ejercicio de su profesion. Al igual que cualquier otra tecnologia cientifico-profesional, los tests son susceptibles de usarse adecuada o inadecuadamente. En la actualidad existe todo un conjunto de instituciones, tanto nacionales como internacionales, que estan llevando a cabo actividades diversas encaminadas a potenciar el uso adecuado de los tests. En nuestro pais el Colegio Oficial de Psicologos ha puesto en funcionamiento una Comision de Tests que esta trabajando tambien en esa direccion, coordinada con otras organizaciones internacionales. A iniciativa de la Comision de Trabajo sobre Tests de la Federacion Europea de Asociaciones de Psicologos Profesionales, se esta realizando una encuesta en los paises europeos para conocer la opinion de los psicologos acerca de diversos aspectos relacionados con la practica de los tests. Esta informacion resultara de gran ayuda para tomar las decisiones adecuadas y asi mejorar el uso que se hace de los tests tanto en Europa como en nuestro pais. En el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados de la encuesta obtenidos en una muestra de 3.455 psicologos espanoles. En lineas generales se observa una actitud positiva de los psicologos hacia el uso de los tests, a la vez que se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de que las instituciones adopten un papel mas activo para mejorar el uso de las pruebas. Los resultados indican que los tests que mas utilizan los psicologos espanoles son los de Inteligencia, seguidos de los de Personalidad y escalas de evaluacion psicopatologica. En el trabajo se analizan los resultados de la encuesta en detalle y se discuten algunas de las posibles medidas para mejorar el uso de los tests en nuestro pais.

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