Abstract— Chondrules in the Bali‐like CV chondrite Kaba and the Allende‐like portion of the Mokoia breccia have been studied to explore the relationship between hydrous alteration to form phyllosilicates and anhydrous alteration resulting in secondary olivine zonation, replacement of enstatite by ferroan olivine and formation of feldspathoids (nepheline and sodalite). All Kaba chondrules experienced extensive hydrous alteration; whereas, anhydrous alteration was minor and resulted only in the olivine zonation. On the other hand, all of the Mokoia chondrules experienced both extensive anhydrous and hydrous alteration. Bronzite rims formed between relic enstatite grains and phyllosilicates in both Kaba and Mokoia during the hydrous alteration. Petrographic observations indicate that phyllosilicates in Mokoia postdate formation of the secondary ferroan olivine and feldspathoids. We conclude that anhydrous alteration in Kaba and Mokoia predated hydrous alteration and took place before accretion of chondrules into the CV parent asteroid.
The agricultural sector is required to produce a steady, year-round supply of crops to maintain the quality of life of consumers.The organization of agricultural production has, therefore, become increasingly important.This study aims to evaluate the agricultural production systems for storage shortages and quality loss while considering seasonal changes in crop growth.We first discuss the occurrence of storage shortages and quality loss.Next, we investigate the production and crop growth processes in fields used by an agricultural production corporation.We examined the statistical treatment of growth and the relationship between crop growth and the field environment using the data collected from field sensors.We then analyzed the data obtained in the observation.Based on the results of the analysis, we proposed a model for the work process in the field, which is a prediction algorithm for crop growth that considers seasonal changes.We then implemented the simulation model.We verified the accuracy of the proposed growth prediction algorithm through a case study and used the simulation to evaluate storage shortages and quality loss.
Coesite occurs in garnets from quartz schists and pelitic schists in the Makbal Complex of Kyrgyzian Tien-Shan. The thick quartz schists interbedded with pelitic schists are the transitional facies after coesite schists. Quartz-pseudomorph after coesite also appears widely in pelitic schists and quartz schists, but is rare in eclogitic rocks. The growth zoning of garnets and Na-Ca amphiboles in eclogites and the garnet-omphacite geothermometry indicate that the metamorphic P-T paths of eclogites are different from each. Ultra-high (UHP) pressure metamorphic rocks of the Makbal Complex are mainly composed of pelitic and quartz schists. All eclogite lenses are included in the host UHPM rocks, although most of them do not contain UHP metamorphic (UHPM) evidences. The K-Ar ages of phengite in a host pelitic schist and of paragonite in an eclogite are approximately 500 Ma, while those of biotite and phengite in a biotite-bearing mica schist and of winchite in a winchite schist are approximately 769-717 Ma and 881 Ma, respectively. The evidence indicates that this complex is a tectonic mélange. These geological relationships suggest that the ascending substances must be pelitic and quartz schists. The UHPM rocks in the ascending material capture many exotic blocks as xenoliths during intrusion into the upper crust.
The seismic performance of precast arch culverts in the culvert longitudinal direction has not been clarified even though the principal cause of embankment disasters is earthquakes in this direction. On the other hand, precast arch culverts are constructed by continuously arraying and connecting each segment. That is why the dynamic behavior of precast arch culverts in the culvert longitudinal direction is believed to depend heavily on the method with which the culverts are connected. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the connecting condition of precast arch culverts on the dynamic behavior in the culvert longitudinal direction by conducting dynamic centrifuge tests. It is found that connected culverts, compared with separated culverts, are relatively advantageous in decreasing the enlargement of the bending moment on the bottom slab of the arch culverts which leads to cracks in the culverts.
Abstract— Many Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) were molten once, and the question of what their precursors consisted of is controversial. In this paper, we report a new type of anorthite‐spinel‐rich inclusion (ASI) in the Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrite. The modal and bulk compositions of the ASIs are similar to those of Type C inclusions but with nonmolten textures. The ASIs are proposed to be the precursors of Type C inclusions. The ASIs show alteration textures, with melilite being replaced by anorthite and Ca‐pyroxene. Furthermore, compositions of the melilites and the calculated modal and bulk compositions of the possible precursors of the ASIs are close to those of the spinel‐rich Type A inclusions in the Ningqiang meteorite, which suggests that ASIs formed by alteration of the latter in the solar nebula. Petrography and mineral chemistry of one Type C inclusion in Ningqiang are also reported.
