W. Wyatt Oswald

Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

H-Index

i-10 index

Research Trends

Author Order

Document Type

Co-Authors

David R. Foster

Harvard University

Bryan N. Shuman

University of Wyoming

Elaine D. Doughty

Harvard University

Linda B. Brubaker

University of Washington

Feng Sheng Hu

Guizhou Provincial Meteorological Bureau

Edward K. Faison

Connecting to Care

D. R. Foster

Patricia M. Anderson

Earth and Space Research

Barbara C. S. Hansen

University of Minnesota

Daniel G. Gavin

University of Oregon

Cooperative Institutions

Harvard University

United States Department of Agriculture

Northern Arizona University

University of Arizona

Chinese Academy of Sciences

University of Wisconsin–Madison

United States Geological Survey

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Agricultural Research Service

University of Minnesota

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

H-Index

i-10 index

Research Field

High resolution Holocene temperature records for the northeastern United States from hydrogen isotope ratios of mid-chain aquatic plant lipids

AGUFM (2011)

Lingyu Gao Y. Huang Jinliang Hou Bryan N. Shuman W. Wyatt Oswald

Hydrogen isotope

Chain (unit)

Source

Cite

Citations (0)

“I'm just not that great at science”: Science self‐efficacy in arts and communication students

Journal of Research in Science Teaching (2019)

Eileen McBride W. Wyatt Oswald Lindsey A. Beck Amy Vashlishan Murray

Abstract Research in science education confirms the importance of self‐efficacy in students' persistence and success in the sciences. The current study examined the role of science self‐efficacy in nonspecialist, arts and communication‐oriented students encountering science in a general education context. Participants ( N = 275) completed a beginning‐ and end‐of‐semester survey including a Science Self‐Efficacy Scale, a “connection to science” measure—the Inclusion of Science in Self Scale—and a Science Anxiety Scale. Participants also responded to two open‐ended “sources of science efficacy” questions, and provided background/demographic information and access to their academic records. Results showed a significant increase in science self‐efficacy and connection to science—although no change in science anxiety—over the course of the semester. The observed shift in self‐efficacy for minority and international students was of particular note. These students started the course with lower confidence but, by the end of the semester, reported comparable science self‐efficacy, and achieved similar grades to their White/Non‐Hispanic and US resident classmates. Contrary to expectations, science self‐efficacy did not predict performance in the class. However, students' self‐reported sources of efficacy indicated increased confidence in using science in daily life, and confirmed the value of mastery experiences and of personally meaningful, student‐centered course design in scaffolding student confidence. Results are discussed in terms of the individual and instructional factors that support science self‐efficacy and student success in this unique, general education science environment.

Self-Efficacy

10.1002/tea.21603

Cite

Citations (24)

A 10,000-Year-Old White Pine Forest Emerges at Stonewall Beach, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Rhodora (2023)

W. Wyatt Oswald David R. Foster Barry Goodell Bryan N. Shuman

Coastal erosion at Stonewall Beach on the island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.A., has exposed a thick layer of peaty sediments rich in botanical remains, including well-preserved tree trunks. We identified the species of the tree trunks based on wood anatomy, analyzed pollen and macrofossils in the sediments, and determined the ages of the tree trunks and peat with 14C dating. The tree trunks were identified as Pinus strobus (white pine), and pollen assemblages featured high percentages of P. strobus in sediments associated with the trunks. The tree trunks and peat dated to ∼10,700–9800 calibrated 14C years before present. These findings confirm that Martha's Vineyard, like other parts of southern New England, was dominated by P. strobus forest during the early Holocene. At that time, regional climate was drier than today and Martha's Vineyard was not yet isolated from the mainland by postglacial sea-level rise.

Vineyard

Macrofossil

Tree line

White (mutation)

10.3119/21-17

Cite

Citations (0)

A Holocene pollen-inferred climate reconstruction for Vermont, USA

Quaternary Research (2023)

Laurie D. Grigg Ioana C. Stefanescu Bryan N. Shuman W. Wyatt Oswald

Abstract A 13.0 cal ka BP pollen record from Twin Ponds, Vermont, provides new insights into the climate history of the northeastern United States. Modern analogs were used to produce qualitative and quantitative climate reconstructions for Twin Ponds. The Twin Ponds record was compared with nearby Knob Hill Pond to develop a Vermont reconstruction that was compared with reconstructions from two sites at a similar latitude. Postglacial warming at 11.5 cal ka BP followed a cool, wet Younger Dryas and was the largest temperature change of the record. The warmest, driest conditions occurred at ca. 9.0 cal ka BP, followed by an increase in moisture. Latitudinal and elevational shifts in the location of modern analogs from 5.7 to 4.0 cal ka BP were used to infer cooling and increased moisture during the Tsuga canadensis decline. Analysis of the timing of pollen events between the two Vermont sites suggests a more rapid decline in T. canadensis at the more northern Knob Hill Pond and further supports the possibility that colder temperatures contributed to this event. The other northern sites show similar trends until 2.5 cal ka BP, when precipitation in the easternmost site diverges, indicating the establishment of modern climatic gradients.

Tsuga

Before Present

Holocene climatic optimum

10.1017/qua.2023.28

Cite

Citations (0)

The structure of temperature changes across mid-latitude North America over the Holocene

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2013)

Jeremiah Marsicek Simon Brewer D. R. Foster W. Wyatt Oswald Bryan N. Shuman

Source

Cite

Citations (0)

Abrupt cooling repeatedly punctuated early-Holocene climate in eastern North America

The Holocene (2011)

Juzhi Hou Yongsong Huang Bryan N. Shuman W. Wyatt Oswald David R. Foster

Climate proxy records and general circulation models suggest that Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a key role for global climate changes. Paleoceanographic data document multiple episodes of prominent AMOC weakening during the early Holocene. However, proxy records at adjacent continents have not been demonstrated to fully capture the climate responses to multiple AMOC variation due to temporal resolution and/or the proxy sensitivity. Here we present decadal- to multidecadal-resolution hydrogen isotopic records of aquatic biomarkers from Blood Pond, Massachusetts during the early Holocene. Our data reveal a full series of prominent and abrupt cooling events centered on 10.6, 10.2, 9.5, 9.2, 8.8 and 8.4 ka. These abrupt climatic reversals coincide with key intervals of weakened AMOC, suggesting an apparent relationship between AMOC oscillations and the abrupt continental climate changes in northeastern North America. The noticeable connection implies that the AMOC variation did play an important role in the abrupt climate changes during the early Holocene. Our data also suggest that northeastern North America may experience significant climatic variations should the predicted major disturbance of AMOC occur in the coming century as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.

Proxy (statistics)

Paleoclimatology

Abrupt climate change

Holocene climatic optimum

Temperature record

10.1177/0959683611427329

Cite

Citations (32)

Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0–180°W)

Quaternary Science Reviews (2004)

D. S. Kaufman Thomas A. Ager N. John Anderson Patricia M. Anderson John T. Andrews

Paleoclimatology

Global cooling

10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.007

Cite

Citations (846)

Detecting open vegetation in a forested landscape: pollen and remote sensing data from New England, USA

The Holocene (2007)

Kendra K. McLauchlan Andrew J. Elmore W. Wyatt Oswald S. Sugita

The proportional cover of forest and grassland vegetation, known as landscape openness, has been particularly difficult to reconstruct because of differences in pollen productivity and transport between the two vegetation types. To begin to calibrate landscape openness in eastern North America, we collected 21 samples of surface sediments from small ponds (less than 60 ha) in the Upper Connecticut River Valley of New England, USA. Pollen assemblages from these surface samples were compared with vegetation composition around each pond assessed with three different remote sensing methods: land cover digitized from aerial photographs, the National Land Cover Database and a spectral mixture analysis of vegetation structure using LANDSAT data. A principal component analysis indicates that most of the variation in land cover among sites is captured by pollen data and each of the three vegetation methods. Because spectral mixture analysis contains at least as much vegetation information as the other two techniques, while avoiding the problem of classifying vegetation into categories, it is better for comparison with pollen data and detection of landscape openness. Even though there is a relationship between non-arboreal pollen percentages and a metric of landscape openness, it is inadvisable to use pollen percentages alone to infer landscape openness across regions either in modern or ancient times. Quantitative assessments and reconstructions of plant abundance at a higher taxonomic resolution will require detailed vegetation surveys to correlate with pollen data from surface samples and possibly simulations of modern and ancient landscapes. Open areas in a landscape that is over 75% forested can be detected, allowing for future quantitative reconstructions of landscape openness.

Land Cover

10.1177/0959683607085130

Cite

Citations (12)

Changes in nitrogen cycling during the past century in a northern hardwood forest

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2007)

Kendra K. McLauchlan Joseph M. Craine W. Wyatt Oswald Peter R. Leavitt Gene E. Likens

Nitrogen (N) availability, defined here as the supply of N to terrestrial plants and soil microorganisms relative to their N demands, limits the productivity of many temperate zone forests and in part determines ecosystem carbon (C) content. Despite multidecadal monitoring of N in streams, the long-term record of N availability in forests of the northeastern United States is largely unknown. Therefore, although these forests have been receiving anthropogenic N deposition for the past few decades, it is still uncertain whether terrestrial N availability has changed during this time and, subsequently, whether forest ecosystems have responded to increased N deposition. Here, we used stable N isotopes in tree rings and lake sediments to demonstrate that N availability in a northeastern forest has declined over the past 75 years, likely because of ecosystem recovery from Euro-American land use. Forest N availability has only recently returned to levels forecast from presettlement trajectories, rendering the trajectory of future forest N cycling uncertain. Our results suggest that chronic disturbances caused by humans, especially logging and agriculture, are major drivers of terrestrial N cycling in forest ecosystems today, even a century after cessation.

Cycling

Terrestrial ecosystem

Temperate rainforest

Biogeochemistry

Forest floor

Nitrogen Cycle

Source

Cite

Citations (0)

A 14,500-year record of landscape change from Okpilak Lake, northeastern Brooks Range, northern Alaska

Journal of Paleolimnology (2012)

W. Wyatt Oswald Daniel G. Gavin Patricia M. Anderson Linda B. Brubaker Feng Sheng Hu

Paleolimnology

10.1007/s10933-012-9605-6

Cite

Citations (8)