Figure S2 from Distinguishing Tumor from Associated Fibrosis to Increase Diagnostic Biopsy Yield with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography
Abstract Goal This study validates an approach to characterizing the sounds experienced by tinnitus patients via reverse correlation, with potential for characterizing a wider range of sounds than currently possible. Methods Ten normal-hearing subjects assessed the subjective similarity of random auditory stimuli and target tinnitus-like sounds (“buzzing” and “roaring”). Reconstructions of the targets were obtained by regressing subject responses on the stimuli, and were compared for accuracy to the frequency spectra of the targets using Pearson’s r . Results Reconstruction accuracy was significantly higher than chance across subjects: buzzing ( M = 0.53, SD = 0.27): t (9) = 5.766, p < 0.001; roaring ( M = 0.57, SD = 0.30): t (9) = 5.76, p < 0.001. Conclusion Reverse correlation can accurately reconstruct nontonal tinnitus-like sounds in normal-hearing subjects, indicating its potential for characterizing the sounds experienced by patients with non-tonal tinnitus. Impact Statement Characterization of tinnitus sounds can inform treatment by facilitating individualized sound therapies, leading to better outcomes for patients suffering from the cognitive and psychological effects of tinnitus.
Figure S1 from Distinguishing Tumor from Associated Fibrosis to Increase Diagnostic Biopsy Yield with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography
Figure S4 from Distinguishing Tumor from Associated Fibrosis to Increase Diagnostic Biopsy Yield with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography
Figure S5 from Distinguishing Tumor from Associated Fibrosis to Increase Diagnostic Biopsy Yield with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography
Early, accurate diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is critical for clinical management and therapeutic decision-making, especially distinguishing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) from non-IPF ILD. Unfortunately, current diagnostic imaging methods are limited in resolution and surgical biopsy methods are invasive. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) as a low-risk method for in vivo ILD diagnosis in patients undergoing surgical biopsy. EB-OCT was able to distinguish diagnostic microanatomical features of IPF from non-IPF ILDs, independently compared against surgical biopsy. These findings support the potential of OCT as a minimally-invasive method for IPF diagnosis.
Abstract Background Accurate diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is essential to inform prognosis and treatment. In 2018, the ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT and Fleischner Society released new diagnostic guidelines for usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP)/IPF, adding Probable UIP as a CT category based on prior studies demonstrating this category had relatively high positive predictive value (PPV) for histopathologic UIP/Probable UIP. This study applies the 2018 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT and Fleischner Society guidelines to determine test characteristics of CT categories in academic clinical practice. Methods CT and histopathology were evaluated by three thoracic radiologists and two thoracic pathologists. Comparison of consensus categorization by the 2018 ATS and Fleischner Society guidelines by CT and histopathology was performed. Results Of patients with CT UIP, 87% (PPV, 95% CI: 60–98%) had histopathologic UIP with 97% (CI: 90–100%) specificity. Of patients with CT Probable UIP, 38% (PPV, CI: 14–68%) had histopathologic UIP and 46% (PPV, CI: 19–75%) had either histopathologic UIP or Probable UIP, with 88% (CI: 77–95%) specificity. Patients with CT Indeterminate and Alternative Diagnosis had histopathologic UIP in 27% (PPV, CI: 6–61%) and 21% (PPV, CI: 11–33%) of cases with specificities of 90% (CI: 80–96%) and 25% (CI: 16–37%). Interobserver variability (kappa) between radiologists ranged 0.32–0.81. Conclusions CT UIP and Probable UIP have high specificity for histopathologic UIP, and CT UIP has high PPV for histopathologic UIP. PPV of CT Probable UIP was 46% for combined histopathologic UIP/Probable UIP. Our results indicate that additional studies are needed to further assess and refine the guideline criteria to improve classification performance.
