Considerando um material bifásico isotrópico (inclusão e matriz), o intuito deste trabalho é analisar o comportamento e a geometria de inclusões em um corpo. Esta estimativa se fará a partir da localização da inclusão na matriz, iniciando com uma inclusão centralizada e aproximando-a da condição de contorno. Esta hipótese será testada entre uma estrutura homogeneizada e outra com inclusão e matriz explícitas. Para que isso ocorra, faz-se o uso do método de homogeneização de Mori-Tanaka, afim de se obter o tensor constitutivo efetivo para um sólido bifásico isotrópico. Para o cálculo das propriedades efetivas do compósito foi implementado um algoritmo em linguagem Python, enquanto que para a modelagem e discretização do material em elementos finitos utiliza-se o software Ansys. A avaliação deste artigo se resume em uma análise comparativa dos resultados obtidos, que se mostraram eficaz, além de proporcionar uma reflexão do efeito das inclusões nas condições de contorno da matriz.
This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study to assess the effect of subbase type on opening times for a fast-track pavement. Initially, a 3.5 m × 4.5 m concrete pavement was cast in the laboratory over a granular subbase. A simulated traffic loading was applied to the concrete plate at an early age of 11 h after the cast. The developed strains in specific locations were monitored during the experiment. The experimental results were used to validate a numerical simulation based on the finite element method. This numerical method was then used to calculate flexural stresses developed for different types of subbase. It was verified that depending on the subbase type, maximum flexural stresses during test may vary considerably, indicating that the subbase type plays an important role on the time of opening of fast-track pavement.
The classical elasticity theory assumes as basic hypothesis that materials have similar elastic properties in tension and compression. However, studies indicate that a wide range of materials such as cements, ceramics, graphite, composites and even some biological structures like bone, behave differently under tension and compression, i.e., in the elastic regime have diff erent Young’s modulus in tension and compression. These materials are known as bimodular materials. A correct approach to the simulation of mechanical behavior of these materials should consider these different properties. This work aims to simulate computationally the mechanical behavior of cementitious materials used in dental treatments, which require for their correct modeling, an accurate characterization of their properties. The mechanical properties of these materials were obtained from experiments performed by a dentist through uniaxial tension tests, uniaxial compression tests and three-point bending test. Resin cement selected for study was the Cement Post (Angelus ® - Lot No. 6425). Using the finite element method a reverse analysis was carried out in order to generate computer models that reproduce the experimental mechanical tests. The results obtained in the numerical analysis were compared with the results obtained in laboratory tests for samples of this dental cement, in order to determine the correct Young’s modulus in tension and compression and the rupture tension. In bending tests the relevant international standards applicable to dental materials do not consider, for calculating the flexural strength, the bimodular behavior of these material. It is concluded that in simulations of bimodular materials is required for greater accuracy more attention in the choice of their mechanical properties, mainly in finite element analysis. In the case of bending simulations, the correct kno wledge of the diff erent material Young’s modulus on tension and compression is relevant for having a consistent approach in order to determine the flexural strength and tensile strength of bent samples.
Abstract The axial compressive strength of cementitious compounds is an important parameter for classification, quality assessment and material design. The values obtained in tests are influenced due intrinsic properties of the compounds and external factors such specimen size and shape. The present work aims to evaluate experimentally and numerically using finite element method, the specimen shape and dimension influence over results of the mortar axial compressive strength test. The specimen geometry aspects are cubic, (4x4x4) cm, column with height/thickness ratio equals two prismatic, (4x4x8) cm, beam with height/thickness ratio equals one prismatic also with dimensions (4x4x8) cm however tested with horizontal 8 cm dimension and 5 cm diameter cylindrical with 5 cm and 10 cm of height. Specimen material are strong and weak mortar. We tested five specimen of every mortar strength one for each geometry therefore ten specimen total at 28 days of age. The cylindrical specimen resulted in lower mechanical strength among all geometry. Between cylindrical ones the results exibited equivalent strength however, among prismatic and cubic ones the strength results diverged. Ones with height/thickness ratio equals one, i.e., cubic and beam, resulted in higher strength then one with height/thickness ratio equals two, named column. Numerical simulations verify these results indicating equally height/thickness ratio equals one geometry with higher strength. This could be happening because in height/thickness ratio equals one geometry the maximum principal stress values (tractions) are lower.
abstract: This work aims to verify the influence of characteristic compressive cylinder strength ( f c k), section geometry and eccentric axial load on the strength of square, cross, “T” and “L” reinforced concrete sections, under oblique composite flexion. A computational algorithm was created to calculate sections interaction diagram of bending strength, taking into account NBR 6118 idealized parabola-rectangle stress-strain relationships for 20 to 90 MPa f c k concretes. The results show that f c k influence is stronger for higher values of axial load and that the failure surface shape in interaction diagrams depends directly on the f c k and on the rebars distribution in the section. Furthermore, under lower compressive axial loads, higher oblique composite flexion strengths are reached when there is more reinforcement area in tension regions but, as the compression increases, the reinforcement presence and larger concrete areas in compression zones provide higher bending moment strengths.
Fast arm movements involving the shoulder and elbow joints have been analysed in normal controls and in patients with Parkinson9s disease. The subjects were requested to draw on a graphic tablet triangles and squares of different size and shape. The patients produced a larger number of EMG burst compared with controls. The movements were accurate, and each segment of the geometric figures was performed with a roughly straight trajectory, but the time necessary to trace the geometric figures and the pauses at the vertices were prolonged. We conclude that in Parkinson9s disease the disability in generating two joint ballistic movements depends on a difficulty in running motor programmes for complex trajectories.