Objective: To compared the functional gait among left and right hemisphere lesion patients of stroke.
Methods: This cross sectional comparative study included 126 patients with right and left sided hemispheric lesion. The study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020. Patients were selected consecutively from different hospitals and rehabilitation centers of Lahore, Pakistan on the basis of inclusion & exclusion criteria. Functional gait assessment (FGA) scale was used to measure functional gait performance and disturbance related to balance in stroke patients. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison of functional gait between left and right hemispheric lesions. A p-value ≤ .05 was taken statistically significant.
Results: A total of 126 patients of stroke with right and left sided hemisphere lesion were assessed for functional gait assessment. The mean age of patients in group A and B was 54.19±8.54 years and 51.46±8.57 years, respectively. The mean weight of patients in group A and B was 61.95±8.82 kg and 58.67±5.83 kg, respectively. Functional gait assessment mean score in group A was 12.56±2.60 and in group B was 15.59±4.17 points with p-value of 0.001. There was a significant difference of FGA scores present between the two groups.
Conclusions: The study concluded that ambulatory functions differ with respect to site of hemisphere lesion. The site of hemisphere lesion impact on patient's functional gait has statistically significant.
ABSTRACT Background: Evidence linking home hazards to falls has not been well established. Falls and fall injury are a major public health concern for the elderly. Fall of elderly is very much affected by environmental hazards. Falls are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons older than 60. There is a greater-than-linear increase in the rate of falls with environmental hazards. This cross section survey will not only lay the foundation for further study on this topic but also provide the basis for the development of preventive program of falls for the elders of Pakistan. Objective: To explore the role of environmental hazards of fall in the community dwelling elders is the area which is lacking in research. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from October to December 2010 in Lahore & its peripheries and also the patients in hospital settings come after fractures or fall injuries. The total number of people included was 100. Community dwelling Elders above 60 years having recent history of at least one fall were included regardless of gender. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 11.5. Results: There were 71 people out of 100 who fell inside the home, 10 fell outside the home and 18 were not applicable to this question. There were 19% people, who fell repeatedly at one place, 31 people replied about hazard environment where fallen that contribute to fall. According to 24 people they had Safety checks of their home yard and/ or neighborhood which will assist to avoid future fall. Conclusion: Most elderly persons live in a risky home setting. It is vital that environmental hazard be recognized and removed for wellbeing of elderly. Key words: Fall Risk, Environmental hazards, elderly population, aged
Nuclear monitoring must considered as high precedence against national security. Now with the increasing nuclear threats it is crucial to ensure that malicious entity never procure nuclear warheads. Which comprises the prevention of illegal or terrorist access to nuclear weapons. The disastrous damage that could be the consequence of unauthorized unapproved utilization of nuclear weapon and from the expansion of nuclear technologies to unacceptable states has driven the nuclear forces to spend epic measures of securing nuclear warheads as well as the supporting materials infrastructure and industries. The procedure of ratifying users credentials is known as authentication. Cognitive based authentication is a type of authentication that is actually the amalgamation of neuron biological and psychological techniques. This research is intended to provide human inspired Cognitive Multi-level Authentication utilizing the extensive quantum processing capabilities. Simulation is being done on online Q U V I S quantum simulator using quantum cryptography B B 8 4 algorithm where the intended person is successfully authenticated while considering different scenarios. So the proposed scheme will come up with self learning intellect based secure speedy and reliable authentication systems against nuclear command and control.
Introduction: Stroke is the most common type of cerebrovascular injury caused by sudden decrease in blood supply that can lead to weaknesses and other associated problems. Many treatment options are available for stroke with promising results. This trial was designed to explore the role of mental imagery (visual) in the sub-acute stage, considering the stroke patient, especially in evaluating its effects on the lower extremities. Material & Methods: An experimental randomized controlled trial was performed from July to August 2018 in physiotherapy departments of National Hospital and Aadil Hospital Defence Lahore. A total of 80 patients having sub-acute stroke with strong perceptions having a score of 25 or more in the Mini Mental Score Exam and a 3 +/5 manual muscle testing grade system in the lower extremity were taken using non-probability consecutive sampling procedure. All the patients were divided into 2 groups randomly. Conservative treatment including strengthening and balance training were given to one group and conservative treatment with addition of visual imagery to the second group. Independent t-test was used to assess significant differences between the two groups. Results: Comparison of Berg Balance Scale at pre-intervention between the experimental group and the controlled group was not significant, 13.76 ± 2.85 vs 13.84 ± 3.26 (p=0.927), respectively. After intervention the effects of treatment were significant in both groups, 18.64 ± 2.33 vs 17.80 ± 2.94(p=0.007), respectively. Comparison of Time Up and Go test at pre-intervention between groups was not significant, 6.28 ± 1.86 vs 6.68 ± 0.99(p=0.347), respectively. The intervention effects after treatment in both groups were significant, 1.84 ± 1.28 vs 3.56 ± 1.26 (p=0.001), respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that mental imagery along with conservative treatment plays a vital role in construction of neural circuit in sub-acute stroke patients.
The research area falls under the umbrella of affective computing and seeks to introduce intelligent agents by simulating emotions artificially and encouraging empathetic behavior in them, to foster emotional empathy in intelligent agents with the overarching objective of improving their autonomy. Raising the emotional empathy of intelligent agents to boost their autonomic behavior can increase their independence and adaptability in a socially dynamic context. As emotional intelligence is a subset of social intelligence, it is essential for successful social interaction and relationships. The purpose of this research is to develop an embedded method for analyzing empathic behavior in a socially dynamic situation. A model is proposed for inducing emotional intelligence through a deep learning technique, employing multimodal emotional cues, and triggering appropriate empathetic responses as output. There are 18 categories of emotional behavior, and each one is strongly influenced by multimodal cues such as voice, facial, and other sensory inputs. Due to the changing social context, it is difficult to classify emotional behavior and make predictions based on modest changes in multimodal cues. Robust approaches must be used to be sensitive to these minor changes. Because a one-dimensional convolutional neural network takes advantage of feature localization to minimize the parameters, it is more efficient in this exploration. The study’s findings indicate that the proposed method outperforms other popular ML approaches with a maximum accuracy level of 98.98 percent when compared to currently used methods.
Myofascial neck pain is a common musculoskeletal problem caused by presence of trigger points and local and referred pain patterns. Chronic neck pain is responsible for the involvement of joints, ligaments, fascia and connective tissue as well. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Maitland mobilization in patients with myofascial chronic neck pain.In this randomized, placebo treatment-controlled trial, 30 patients consecutively aged 25-45 years meeting inclusion criteria were isolated into two groups. The study group was treated with Maitland mobilization consistently for eight weeks while the control group got placebo treatment for a similar timeframe. Visual analog Scale (VAS), Neck disability index (NDI) and cervical range of motion (ROM) questionnaire was filled by patients before, intermediate and after the intervention to evaluate the severity of pain, functional ability and range of motion.Following eight weeks of treatment, when compared the post treatment effects of both groups, the significance value for VAS was 0.008, for NDI p=0.030, for Flexion p=0.573, for extension p=0.001, for right rotation p<0.001, for left rotation p=0.002, for right and left side bending p<0.001.The study concluded that Maitland mobilization grades (I-IV) are effective in reducing pain and improving functional level of NDI scale and the ranges of cervical spine in patients with myofascial chronic neck pain.
Tinnitus is a common problem in patients with a cochlear implant (CI). Between 4% and 25% of CI recipients experience a moderate to severe tinnitus handicap. However, apart from handicap scores, little is known about the real-life impact tinnitus has on those with CIs. We aimed to explore the impact of tinnitus on adult CI recipients, situations impacting tinnitus, tinnitus-related difficulties and their management strategies, using an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach.A 2-week web-based forum was conducted using Cochlear Ltd.'s online platform, Cochlear Conversation. A thematic analysis was conducted on the data from the forum discussion to develop key themes and sub-themes. To quantify themes and sub-themes identified, a survey was developed in English with face validity using cognitive interviews, then translated into French, German and Dutch and disseminated on the Cochlear Conversation platform, in six countries (Australia, France, Germany, New Zealand, the Netherlands and United Kingdom). Participants were adult CI recipients experiencing tinnitus who received a Cochlear Ltd. CI after 18 years of age.Four key themes were identified using thematic analysis of the discussion forum: tinnitus experience, situations impacting tinnitus, difficulties associated with tinnitus and tinnitus management. Among the 414 participants of the survey, tinnitus burden on average was a moderate problem without their sound processor and not a problem with the sound processor on. Fatigue, stress, concentration, group conversation and hearing difficulties were the most frequently reported difficulties and was reported to intensify when not wearing the sound processor. For most CI recipients, tinnitus seemed to increase when performing a hearing test, during a CI programming session, or when tired, stressed, or sick. To manage their tinnitus, participants reported turning on their sound processor and avoiding noisy environments.The qualitative analysis showed that tinnitus can affect everyday life of CI recipients in various ways and highlighted the heterogeneity in their tinnitus experiences. The survey findings extended this to show that tinnitus impact, related difficulties, and management strategies often depend on sound processor use. This exploratory sequential mixed-method study provided a better understanding of the potential benefits of sound processor use, and thus of intracochlear electrical stimulation, on the impact of tinnitus.
The weakness of quadriceps and reduced activation has been identified as a major cause of activity limitations post Total knee replacement (TKR). There is a need to evaluate various available techniques in their effectiveness in improving quadriceps strength and minimizing functional limitations after total knee replacement. Objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of strength training as compared to functional training in improving knee extension lag after first four weeks of Total Knee Replacement. This Randomized control trial was conducted at Ghurki trust teaching hospital, from June to December 2015.Patients with total knee replacement were selected consecutively and then randomly assigned to control group (n=33) and treatment group (n=31). Primary and secondary outcome measures were goniometry and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) respectively. There was no significant difference found in knee extension Lag between the two groups (p-value>0.05). The mean Value for pain on visual analogue scale was 1.78 (SD=3.03) for control group and 1.33 (SD=3.32) for treatment group. The difference in mean scores for pain was significantly different for both groups (pvalue< 0.05). Both strength training and functional training were found equally effective in improving quadriceps lag, however, functional training exercises resulted in significant reduction in post-operative knee pain compare to resistance training. It is recommended to make functional exercises an essential part of physical rehabilitation post total knee replacement.
Objective: To compare the effects of shockwave therapy with ultrasound and sham taping in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Methodology: This randomized control trial was done at Syed Medical Complex, Sialkot, Pakistan from 1st July to 31st July 2018. A total of 82 patients of planter fasciitis were divided into two groups, treatment and control group. Non probability consecutive sampling was used. Treatment group received shockwave therapy while the control group received ultrasound and sham taping. There were no drop outs thorough out study. The pain intensity was measured with visual analog scale (VAS) and patient specific functional scale (PSFS). Independent sample t test was used between group for comparison and p≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Mean pain score before treatment of shockwave therapy group was 5.34±0.56 on VAS and 5.44±0.67 in ultrasound group. At end of last session, pain in shockwave therapy group was 1.54±0.67 while at ultrasound group was 2.46±0.64 (p=0.001). Functional scale mean before treatment of shockwave therapy group was 19.24±3.42 while in US and taping was and 16.29±3.84. After the last treatment session PSFS mean was 11.54±3.66 in ultrasound group while in shockwave therapy group was 4.98±2.18 (p=0.01).
Conclusion: Pain decreased and functional activity improved remarkably of patients who received shockwave therapy as compared to those who received ultrasound and sham taping.
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