Muhsin Al Anas

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Utilization of marigold leaves (Tagetes erecta L.) in rations and their effect on rumen enzyme activity, fermentation parameters, methane emission, and nutrient digestibility in vitro

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research (2024)

Chusnul Hanim Mohammad Sofi’ul Anam Lies Mira Yusiati Muhsin Al Anas

Objective: This study evaluated the utilization of marigold leaves (MGLs) in rations and their impact on rumen enzyme activity, fermentation parameters, methane (CH4) emission, and nutrient digestibility in vitro. Materials and Methods: The experimental diets comprised different proportions of MGL incorporated into the dry matter (DM) rations. Experimental design: The MGL treatments in diets include 0% (MGL-0), 7% (MGL-7), and 14% (MGL-14). Results: Results indicated that MGL-14 substantially raised (p < 0.05) the rumen parameters, including NH3–N and microbial protein, total volatile fatty acids, acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4), and the C2:C3 ratio. In contrast, the MGL-7 and MGL-14 groups experienced a noteworthy reduction (p < 0.05) in the total protozoa population. The MGL-7 and MGL-14 treatments also led to a substantial increase in the digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude fiber (CF) in the rumen. However, they also resulted in a decline (p < 0.05) in crude protein (CP) digestibility. The DM and OM total digestibilities were higher (p < 0.05) in the MGL-14 and MGL-7 groups. The utilization of MGL did not influence (p > 0.05) the ruminal enzyme activities (carboxymethyl cellulase, amylase, protease), cumulative gas production, kinetics, ruminal pH value, CH4 and CO2 production, total CF, and CP digestibility. Conclusion: The utilization of MGL until 14% DM in diets can enhance ruminal fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility in vitro without negatively affecting gas production kinetics or ruminal enzyme activities. However, it did not have any impact on CH4 production.

Neutral Detergent Fiber

Digestion

10.5455/javar.2023.j734

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Effect supplementation of black soldier fly larvae oil (Hermetia illucens L.) calcium salt on performance, blood biochemical profile, carcass characteristic, meat quality, and gene expression in fat metabolism broilers

Poultry Science (2023)

Muhammad Anang Aprianto Muhlisin Muhlisin Asih Kurniawati Chusnul Hanim Bambang Ariyadi

This study evaluated the effect supplementation of black soldier fly larvae oil calcium salt (BSFLO-SCa) on performance, blood biochemical profile, carcass characteristic, meat quality, and gene expression in fat metabolism broiler chickens. A total 280 male New Lohmann strain MB 202 broiler chicks (one-day-old) were randomly placed into 4 treatments, including a control group (T0) were fed basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with 1% (T1), 2% (T2), and 3% (T3) BSFLO-SCa. Each treatment consisted of 7 pens with 10 chickens each. Results showed that 1% BSFLO-SCa supplementation significantly reduced (P<0.05) abdominal and meat fat, while gene expression on fat synthesis (FAS, ACC) were downregulated. Meat fatty acid profiles such as medium chain fatty acid being dominant in lauric and myristic and monosaturated fatty acid significantly increased (P<0.05). On the other hand, polyunsaturated fatty acid significantly decreased (P<0.05). In addition, the other parameters didn't affect by supplementation of 1% BSFLO-SCa. The addition starting from 2% significantly reduced (P<0.05) performance and carcass characteristics. Blood biochemical profiles (HDL, protein, albumin) and meat qualities (protein, cholesterol, water holding capacity, cooking losses, a*(redness) and b*(yellowness) values) were significantly increased (P<0.05), while gene expression on fat oxidation (CPT-1) was upregulated. In conclusion, broiler chicken that received of 1% BSFL-SCa does not negatively affect carcass performance and characteristics but reduced fattening in broiler meat.

Hermetia illucens

10.1016/j.psj.2023.102984

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Crude Aflatoxin B₁ Production Using Maize and Rice Substrates for Animal Research

Advances in biological sciences research/Advances in Biological Sciences Research (2022)

Muhsin Al Anas Lies Mira Yusiati Cuk Tri Noviandi Ali Agus

10.2991/absr.k.220401.004

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Effect of Protein Supplementation from Spirulina platensis on Javanese Thin-tailed Sheep Weight Gain

Advances in biological sciences research/Advances in Biological Sciences Research (2022)

Endang Baliarti Yosef Tubagus Raka Lies Mira Yusiati I Gede Suparta Budisatria Muhsin Al Anas

The study aims to assess the average daily gain (ADG) of Javanese thin-tailed (JTT) sheep with protein supplementation from Spirulina platensis.This study used ten female JTT sheep (5-months-old and average body weight of 13.66 ± 2.31 kg) and divided them into two groups.The first group (control) was fed with dried water spinach (Ipomea reptans) and concentrate (CP and TDN ration: 14.84% and 59.09%); the second group (treatment) was added with Spirulina platensis (8g/head/day) mixed with concentrate (CP and TDN ration: 15.33% and 59.43%).Water was given ad libitum.Results of the study showed the consumption of concentrates and dried water spinach (DWS) (based on the dry matter) in the control group were 347.75 and 488.80 g/head/day and treatment group were 347.75 and 490.49g/head/day; ADG on control and treatment group were 153.80±40.31and 148.60±31.45g/head/day (P>0.05);Feed conversion was 6.00±1.85 and 6.16±1.67(P>0.05).In conclusion, supplementation of 8 g/head/day Spirulina platensis in sheep feed did not improve ADG.

Spirulina (dietary supplement)

10.2991/absr.k.220309.007

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Inclusion of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench) with protease and NSP-ase increases jejunal histomorphology and barrier function gene expression in broiler chickens

Poultry Science (2024)

Lanti Yulianti Rebecca Sitohang Ziyan A'fif Untari Zuprizal Zuprizal Muhsin Al Anas

Barrier function

10.1016/j.psj.2024.104298

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Effect of nutmeg essential oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) on methane production, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in vitro

Scientific Reports (2024)

Achmad Ezar Abdillah Dewi Sarah Aziz Aji Ardian Muhsin Al Anas Muhammad Anang Aprianto

Abstract The study evaluated the effect of adding of nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans Houtt.) essential oil ( NEO) as a feed additive on methane production, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen enzyme activity, and nutrient digestibility in vitro. This study was divided into three treatments based on the level of NEO addition, which included 0 µL/L (T0), 100 µL/L (T1), and 200 µL/L (T2). The feed substrate composition consisted of king grass as forage and concentrate in a 60:40 ratio. Feed fermentation was conducted using the Menke and Steingass gas production and two-step Tilley and Terry in-vitro digestibility technique. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and if there were differences between means, they were further assessed using DMRT. The results showed that T2 treatment significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) ammonia (NH 3 ) levels, total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and microbial protein ( P < 0.05). Methane production and the activity of rumen protease enzyme significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) at T1 and T2 treatment. The T2 treatment significantly reduced ( P < 0.05) protein digestibility (IVCPD) at 48 h, while IVCPD at 96 h significantly increased ( P < 0.05). On the other hand, the addition of nutmeg essential oil did not effect the activity of the amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase, and β-glucosidase enzymes, as well as the in-vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD), crude fiber (IVCFD), and organic matter (IVOMD). The conclusion drawn from this study is that the optimum level for NEO is 200 µL/L, which can reduce methane production and increase crude protein digestibility at 96 h without any negative effect on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility.

Myristica fragrans

Nutmeg

Feed additive

10.1038/s41598-024-52532-3

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Black soldier fly larvae oil (Hermetia illucens L.) calcium salt enhances intestinal morphology and barrier function in laying hens

Poultry Science (2024)

Muhsin Al Anas Muhammad Anang Aprianto Henny Akit Muhlisin Muhlisin Asih Kurniawati

This study aimed to determine the influence of black soldier fly larvae oil calcium salt (BSFLO-SCa) supplementation on performance, jejunal histomorphology and gene expression of tight junctions and inflammatory cytokines in laying hens. A total of 60 ISA Brown laying hens (40 wk of age) were divided into 3 treatment groups, including a control group fed a basal diet (T0) and basal diets supplemented with 1% (T1) and 2% (T2) of BSFLO-SCa. Each treatment group consisted of 5 replicates with 4 laying hens each. Results showed that 1% and 2% BSFLO-SCa supplementation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR), while egg weight (EW) increased (P < 0.05). The inclusion with 2% increased (P < 0.05) both egg production (HDA) and mass (EM). The addition of 1% and 2% BSFLO-SCa significantly increased (P < 0.05) villus height (VH) and villus width (VW), while crypt depth (CD) significantly increased (P < 0.05) with 2% BSFLO-SCa. The tight junction and gene expression of claudin-1 (CLDN-1), junctional adhesion molecules-2 (JAM-2), and occludin (OCLN) were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) with 2% BSFLO-SCa. The pro-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) with the addition of BSFLO-SCa, while gene expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were downregulated with 2% BSFLO-SCa. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) at 2% BSFLO-SCa. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 2% BSFLO-SCa improved productivity, intestinal morphology and integrity by upregulating tight junction-related protein of gene expression of laying hens. In addition, supplementation with BSFLO-SCa enhanced intestinal immune responses by upregulating anti-inflammatory and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression.

Occludin

Hermetia illucens

Proinflammatory cytokine

10.1016/j.psj.2024.103777

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Characterization of chemical properties of fish-flavoured spicy tamarind cube

Food Research (2024)

Nozieana Khairuddin Norhayati Muhammad Muhsin Al Anas Nur Fazira Abdul Rahim

Fish-flavoured spicy tamarind cube is categorized as a type of bouillon cube. It is a processed food that has been developed and benefits the consumers due to low cost, being ready to use, reduced cooking time and giving intense flavour to the cooking dish. Food processing improves the stability, safety, taste and makes the food healthier. While there are various advantages to processing, the chemical food characteristics might be adversely affected. The study aimed to evaluate the amount of chemical composition, macromolecule, phytochemical content, peroxide value and antioxidant activity present in the fish-flavoured spicy tamarind cube. The analysis was performed using a different methodology. The content of mineral and ascorbic acid of the cube was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and titration methods respectively. Carbohydrate was estimated by difference using equation and protein by micro Kjeldahl method. For both phytochemical compounds, total phenolic and flavonoid are measured spectrophotometrically in this study. In addition, peroxide value was determined by titration method and antioxidant activity was assayed using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The result showed the cube contained 2.12% sodium, 1.22% copper and 0.43% potassium while the ascorbic acid value was 66.00 mg/100 g. The macromolecule content recorded was 40.15 g/100 g for carbohydrates and 7.54 g/100 g for protein. The cube had 10.77 mg GAE/g and 21.72 mg QE/g for total phenolic and flavonoid respectively. The peroxide value of the cube was 9.52 meq/kg and classified in a moderate oxidation state. Furthermore, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for antioxidant activity analysed was 89.04 µg/mL which means the cube shows intermediate antioxidant activity. Based on the result, the cube is safe to consume and can provide health benefits to consumers.

Characterization

Cube (algebra)

10.26656/fr.2017.8(s5).16

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PSIII-40 Essential oil blend as a possible alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production

Journal of Animal Science (2020)

Bernat Canal Luis Mesas Mónica Puyalto C. Sol�Ali Agus

Abstract Despite the limited use of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGPs) in a number of countries, many others find a useful tool in them. However, many producers in the later regions are transitioning to AGP-free production for commercial reasons. The aim of this trial was to determine whether a blend of essential oils (EO), like oregano or clove, could reach similar production/health parameters compared to an AGP treatment used in broiler production. A total of 1,200 one-day-old chicks were distributed in 2 treatments within 12 floor pens (n = 6). The treatments were: T1-basal feed + AGP (Enramycin 10ppm); T2-basal feed + EO (1kg/t). The trial lasted 35d and performance parameters were recorded weekly. On day 21 and 35, one bird per pen was euthanized for intestinal and carcass analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS 9.0. There were no significant differences in the performance parameters at 35d. A trend was observed of higher BW (P = 0.062) at 28d for EO birds (1,708g) compared to AGP birds (1,671g), which relates to another trend (P = 0.071) of increased daily gain from 21-28d (685g and 653g for EO and AGP treatments respectively). A relevant finding was a significantly (P = 0.034) higher mortality in AGP birds from 0-28d (4.83%) compared to EO birds (3.00%). In the post-mortem analysis no differences were observed in intestinal segments in relative and total length. However, animals from T2 showed a trend (P = 0.077) to have heavier gizzards at 21d, which could indicate an effect of EO on their development, while T1 animals had a significantly heavier cecum at 35d (P = 0.026). No relevant findings were observed in carcass weights and yield. These results suggest that this EO blend could be a valid alternative to AGPs, although further trials under commercial conditions should be carried out to confirm its potential.

Basal (medicine)

10.1093/jas/skaa278.651

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Black soldier fly larvae meal supplementation in a low protein diet reduced performance, but improved nitrogen efficiency and intestinal morphology of duck

Animal Bioscience (2023)

Rinanti Eka Aldis Muhlisin Muhlisin Z. Zuprizal Heru Sasongko Chusnul Hanim

Objective: Reduced crude protein (CP) diets offer potential benefits such as optimized feed efficiency, reduced expenses, and lower environmental impact. The objective of this study was to evaluate black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal on a low-protein diet for duck performance, blood biochemical, intestinal morphology, gastrointestinal development, and litter.Methods: The experiment was conducted for 42 days. A total of 210-day-old male hybrid ducklings (5 replicate pens, 7 ducks per pen) were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments (3×2 factorial arrangements) in randomized design. The factors were CP level (18%, 16%, 14%) and protein source feed soybean meals (SBM), black soldier fly larvae meals (BSFLM).Results: Reduced dietary CP levels significantly decreased growth performance, feed intake, the percentage of nitrogen, pH (p<0.05), and tended to suppress ammonia in litter (p = 0.088); increased lipid concentration; and enhanced relative weight of gastrointestinal tracts (p<0.05). In addition, dietary BSFL as a source of protein feed significantly increased lipid concentration and impacted lowering villus height and crypt depth on jejunum (p<0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of BSFLM in a low-protein diet was found to have a detrimental effect on growth performance. However, the reduction of 2% CP levels in SBM did not have a significant impact on growth performance but decreased nitrogen and ammonia concentrations.

Litter

Completely randomized design

Jejunum

10.5713/ab.23.0259

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