is scarce. To offer basic infor-mation on testosterone levels in this species, we explored the unknown relationship of testosterone with age. Typically, testosterone levels change throughout life according to the changing needs of an individual. These variations are most thoroughly studied in humans [reviewed in Dabbs, 2000]. Through the immature period, testosterone levels are low in both sexes. They increase during adolescence to a peak in early adulthood when testosterone levels in males are 8Œ10 times higher than in females. As such, significantly higher testosterone levels in mature men are found compared to imma-tures. For women, this difference is smaller although it may be statistically signifi-cant. In this respect, testosterone levels in wild and captive orang-utans

Captivity

Bonobo

10.1159/000076271

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Citations (5)

Effect of spatial crowding on aggressive behavior in a bonobo colony

Zoo Biology (2004)

Adinda Sannen Linda Van Elsacker Marcel Eens

Abstract According to a previously proposed coping model (De Waal [1989] Zoo Biol. 1(suppl):141–148), gregarious primates will react to crowding by adjusting their behavior in order to limit the amount of aggression displayed. Depending on the duration of the crowding, this can be achieved by the use of different strategies. Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) react to a medium‐term duration of spatial crowding by an active tension‐reduction mechanism whereby allogrooming markedly increases while aggression rises only slightly. Under comparable circumstances, a similar increase in grooming is found in bonobos ( Pan paniscus ). However, to test the coping model for bonobos, data on aggressive behavior during crowding are indispensable. This study provides such information by comparing the aggressive repertoire of a well‐established bonobo colony during a crowded period in winter with those that occurred during an uncrowded control period in summer. Given that during winter the aggression rate differed between food and nonfood contexts, we accounted for a potential effect of food context on aggression. During the crowded period, a significantly higher total frequency of aggression was found than during the control period. However, this increase was small in relation to the reduction in space when compared to similar experiments in other species. Together with observations of increased grooming under crowded conditions, our data confirm the hypothesis that bonobos cope with the increase in tension created by crowding (medium‐term duration) by applying a tension‐reduction strategy. Our data further show that although not all aggressive behaviors appear to be influenced by a high‐density condition, bonobos do not specifically limit their aggressive behaviors to mild, nonprovocative aggressions in a crowded environment. Zoo Biol 23:383–395, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Bonobo

Crowding

Pan paniscus

Captivity

Troglodytes

10.1002/zoo.20024

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Citations (28)

Studieavond: Reptielen, amfibieën, wetenschap en welzijn

Adinda Sannen Hilde Vervaecke

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A pilot study about the role, knowledge and attitude of caregivers towards AAI in medical settings

Sibbel De Mits Adinda Sannen Jeroen Vos Aymeline de Cartier Hilde Vervaecke

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Assessing the welfare of captive reptiles: A glimp into the diversity of stress-related behaviours

Adinda Sannen Kerstin Van Kogelenbergh Jeroen M. G. Stevens Glenn Borgmans Raoul Van Damme

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Establishing culture parameters for noble crayfish (Astacus astacus, L.) in recirculating aquaculture systems

Thomas Abeel Jurgen Adriaen Wouter Meeus Walter Himpe Adinda Sannen

Astacus

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Urinary testosterone metabolite levels and aggressive behaviors in male and female bonobos (Pan paniscus)

Aggressive Behavior (2004)

Adinda Sannen Linda Van Elsacker Michael Heistermann Marcel Eens

Abstract This study presents the first data on the relationship between testosterone (T) and aggression in both sexes of the bonobo ( Pan paniscus ). Morning urinary concentrations of T metabolites (measured by immunoreactive 5α–androstane–17α–ol–3–one) were used to reflect T status. Results show that first, no correlation of T metabolite levels with any of the aggressive behaviors was found between individuals. Within an individual, T metabolite levels only correlated with a minority of aggressive behaviors. Hence, social factors are likely of major importance for the occurrence of aggression in this highly gregarious species, but certain intraindividual aspects of aggressive behavior are nevertheless related to T. A more detailed discussion of the results follows. Secondly, all correlations with T were similar for every individual, males and females, suggesting an analogous relationship in both sexes. Thirdly, our study confirms for bonobos that the measure of aggression used, the time scale at which the correlation is studied, and whether this is done on an inter‐ or intraindividual level, considerably affect results. Aggr. Behav. 30:425–434, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Pan paniscus

Bonobo

10.1002/ab.20046

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Citations (9)