Abstract An unbalanced increase in dietary omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and decrease in omega-3 (n-3) PUFA in the Western diet coincides with the global rise in chronic diseases. Whether n-6 and n-3 PUFA oppositely contribute to the development of chronic disease remains controversial. By using transgenic mice capable of synthesizing PUFA to eliminate confounding factors of diet, we show here that alteration of the tissue n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio leads to correlated changes in the gut microbiome and fecal and serum metabolites. Transgenic mice able to overproduce n-6 PUFA and achieve a high tissue n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio exhibit an increased risk for metabolic diseases and cancer, whereas mice able to convert n-6 to n-3 PUFA, and that have a lower n-6/n-3 ratio, show healthy phenotypes. Our study demonstrates that n-6 PUFA may be harmful in excess and suggests the importance of a low tissue n-6/n-3 ratio in reducing the risk for chronic diseases.
The high-precision regional geoid model provides important fundamental geospatial information for developing and applying many disciplines. Deterministic and stochastic modifications are applied to Stokes’s and Hotine’s formulas of geoid modeling to reduce errors. Based on the Experimental Geopotential Model 2019 (XGM2019), this paper used Stokes’s and Hotine’s formulas to analyze the variation of global root mean square error (RMSE) with modification parameters for two deterministic (Wong and Gore; and Vaníček and Kleusberg) and three stochastic modifications (biased, unbiased, and optimum). Taking the quasigeoid refinement of Jilin Province as an example, the global RMSE, approximate geoid undulation, and additive corrections were calculated. The parameter analysis and the global RMSE calculation showed that the variation of the modification limits and the terrestrial gravity data error variance had a centimeter-level effect on the global RMSE. In contrast, the impact of the integration radius was relatively small. The stochastic modifications were better than the deterministic ones in calculating the global RMSE. The global RMSE of Hotine’s formula was smaller than that of Stokes’s, and its unbiased and optimum modifications reached the minimum value of 12.9 mm. The validation of XGM2019 and the refined quasigeoid based on the high accuracy GPS/leveling points showed that the standard deviation (STD) of XGM2019 was 5.8 cm in Jilin Province, and the refined optimal quasigeoid model was 2.9 cm. Stokes’s and Hotine’s formulas provided the same accuracy in the study area. In the western plain area, the accuracy of the deterministic modifications was 2.0 cm, which was about 0.4 cm higher than that of the stochastic modifications. In the eastern mountainous area, the stochastic modifications were better than the deterministic ones, and the accuracy was about 3.2 cm. Stokes’s and Hotine’s formulas based on deterministic and stochastic modifications significantly improve the accuracy of the XGM2019. The deterministic and stochastic modifications show millimeter-level differences in plain and mountainous areas.
Objective:
To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous renal artery stenting (PTRAS) for the treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) .
Methods:
Totally 31 ARAS patients undergoing PTRAS in Aerospace Center Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 were selected, with unilateral renal artery stenosis. All the patients were followed up for 12 months to observe the achievement ratio of PTRAS and changes of blood pressure and antihypertensive drug categories. The changes of single kidney glomerular filtration rate (SKGFR) were evaluated by renal dynamic imaging.
Results:
The achievement ratio was 100%, without severe complications. All patients were followed up for 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and antihypertensive drug categories were significantly lower than those before the operation, but there was no significant change in serum creatinine. The SKGFR and total GFR in stent side were significantly higher than those before operation, but there was no significant change in non stent side SKGFR after operation. The patients were divided into two groups according to the preoperative SKGFR value in stent side of 20 ml/min, SKGFR<20 ml/min group (16 cases) and SKGFR≥20 ml/min group (15 cases) , and the changes of SKGFR before and after operation were analyzed in two groups.
Conclusions:
PTRAS has high achievement ratio and low complication rate in the treatment of ARAS. The separate kidney function of the stent side is significantly improved, the smaller the SKGFR of the renal artery stenosis, the more obvious the improvement of the renal function after the operation.
Key words:
Renal artery stenosis; Percutaneous renal artery stenting; Renal dynamic imaging; Single kidney glomerular filtration rate
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of interventional treatments for cardiac arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Eighty AMI patients admitted between August 2022 and August 2023 were selected and randomly assigned into groups using the random number table method. The control group (n = 40) received conventional thrombolytic treatment, while the observation group (n = 40) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Results: Before treatment, there were no significant differences in heart rate indicators, cardiac function indicators, and physiological indicators between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the observation group showed significantly improved heart rate indicators, cardiac function indicators, and physiological indicators compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rates in the observation group were lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PCI treatment demonstrated significant improvements in heart rate, cardiac function, and physiological indicators among AMI patients, leading to a reduced incidence of adverse reactions such as arrhythmia. The overall effect is deemed significant.
To evaluate the early predictive value of immature granulocytes(IGs) in postoperative infection in patients with spinal injury. The clinical data of 78 patients with spinal cord injury underwent surgery from October 2016 to October 2018 were collected. There were 57 males and 21 females, aged from 45 to 63 years old with an average of (55.2±6.1) years. The most common cause of injury was spinal trauma or degeneration. According to the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) classification of spinal cord injury, 37 cases were complete injury(grade A and B) and 41 cases were incomplete injury (grade C and D). All the 78 patients showed different degrees of deep and shallow sensory disturbances, and underwent CT and MRI examinations after admission. According to whether the secondary infection occurred within 1 week after surgery, the patients were divided into infected group and non-infected group. At the time of admission and 1, 3, 6 days after surgery, the immature granulocyte absolute value(IG#), immature granulocyte percentage(IG%), C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin(PCT), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected. Using ROC curve to compare the predictive value of IG%, IG#, and PCT in early detection of postoperative infection. The correlation between IG%, IG# and PCT was analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. At a week after operation, 33 patients occurred infection and 45 patients occurred no infection(infected group and non-infected group). All patients were followed up to no serious complications and deaths at the time of discharge. The proportion of complete injury in the infected group was significantly higher than that in the non-infected group(t=3.979, P=0.046), and the cervical and thoracic vertebrae were more common in the infected group, and the non-infected group was mostly lumbar injury(t=6.226, P=0.044). One day after surgery, PCT, IG%, IG# were resectively(0.71±0.10) ng/ml, 1.08±0.10, 0.20±0.05 in infected group, while in non-infected group were(0.51±0.08) ng/ml, 0.82±0.13, 0.13±0.04, there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.001). At 3 days postoperatively, CRP, PCT, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IG%, IG# were resectively (80.47±15.74) mg/L, (2.39±0.27) ng/ml, (15.74±3.85) pg/ml, (16.47±4.75) pg/ml, (2.18±0.57) ng/ml, 0.28±0.10, 1.38±0.54 in injected group, while in non-infected group were(62.42±14.68) mg/L, (0.89±0.21) ng/ml, (13.10±3.87)pg/ml, (14.57±3.35) pg/ml, (1.63±0.37) ng/ml, 0.09±0.01, 0.83±0.24, there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.001). At 6 days postoperatively, the laboratory parameters of the infected group were significantly higher than those of the non-infected group(P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that PCT, IG%, and IG# could predict early infection after spinal cord injury(P<0.001), and the area under the curve (AUC) of IG# was significantly lower than PCT and IG%(respectively 0.847, 0.947, 0.934, P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that IG%, IG# and PCT were significantly correlated, and the correlation coefficients were 0.724 and 0.472, respectively(P<0.001). The elevated levels of IG%, IG# and PCT in patients with spinal cord injury within 24 hours after surgery have high sensitivity and specificity for predicting early secondary infection. Postoperative quantification of these indicators helps early identification of patients with high risk of infection.
Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness and visual dysfunction in the world. Cataractogenesis is a highly complex, multifactorial process. Epidemiologic studies have shown that potential risk factors include age, sex female, exposure to ultraviolet light, smoking, diabetes, and oxidative stress (1)(2)(3)(4). Opacification of the ocular lens may be initiated or promoted by oxidative damage, and data in the literature support an important role of oxidative damage in cataract formation (5)(6). Although animal experiments show evidence for a protective role of antioxidants (7)(8), the association between low concentrations of antioxidants and increased risk of cataracts remains controversial. Whereas some studies have demonstrated such associations, others have not (9)(10).
Isoprostanes are a complex family of compounds produced from arachidonic acid. One of the isoprostanes, 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), belongs to a family of eicosanoids of nonenzymatic origin (11). 8-Iso-PGF2α has been widely used as a valid marker of oxidative stress (12)(13). Several methods are currently used to quantify 8-iso-PGF2α, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (14)(15), but their cost and technologic requirements limit their routine use. Recently, immunoassays have also been developed to measure 8-iso-PGF2α (16)(17).
Koliakos et al. (18) found that the mean concentration of 8-iso-PGF2α in the aqueous humor from cataract patients with exfoliation syndrome was higher than in patients with cataracts only. However, no study has evaluated plasma 8-iso-PGF2α concentrations in cataract patients.
In this study, we used an enzyme immunoassay to measure the plasma concentrations of 8-iso-PGF2α in patients with age-related cataracts and in age/sex frequency-matched controls to explore the potential role of systemic oxidative status in the development of cataracts. …
Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) proton density-weighted images (PdWI) hyperintense regions on MRI are an important imaging feature of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and are thought to represent inflammation which may induce knee pain. The aim of the study was to compare the intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) findings of PdWI hyperintense regions of IPFP between symptomatic and asymptomatic KOA and to determine whether IVIM-DWI parameters can be used as an objective biomarker for symptomatic KOA.In total, 84 patients with symptomatic KOA, 43 asymptomatic KOA persons, and 30 healthy controls with MRI were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, IPFP-synovitis, Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain sub-score, IPFP volume and depth and quantitative parameters of IVIM-DWI were collected. The chi-square test, Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used for diagnostic performance comparison.The IPFP volume and depth were statistically significant differences between the non-KOA and sKOA groups (p<0.05). The IPFP PdWI hyperintense regions demonstrated significantly higher values of D and D* in the symptomatic KOA compared to those in the asymptomatic KOA (1.51±0.47 vs. 1.73±0.40 for D and 19.24±6.44 vs. 27.09±9.75 for D*) (both p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that Higher D and D* values of IPFP hyperintense region were significantly associated with higher risks of knee pain (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.21-3.19; p=0.006 for D and OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.09-1.41; p=0.001 for D*). Sensitivity and specificity of D value for symptomatic KOA were 80.28% and 83.33%, with an AUC of 0.78 (0.68-0.86). D* value had the sensitivity with 92.96% and a specificity of 58.33%, with an AUC of 0.82 (0.73-0.89) for symptomatic KOA.IVIM-DWI can be used as an additional functional imaging technique to study IPFP with signal abnormalities on PdWI, and the D and D* values may have potential value to predict the symptom in mild-to-moderate KOA patients.
Objective
To evaluate the protective effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF) on neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)and its effect on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
Methods
According to the random number table, a total of 54 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 7 days were divided into 3 groups(18 rats in each group): Sham group, HIBD group and G-CSF group, and the improved Rice method was used to establish a neonatal rat model of HIBD.A dose of 50 μg/kg of G-CSF was administered intraperitoneally 1 hour after HIBD (G-CSF group), while the rats in HIBD group and Sham group received saline only.At 24 hours of HIBD, pups were euthanized to quantify brain infarct volume by using 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride.Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the changes of brain structure.Neuronal cell death was determined by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Then the expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 12 (Caspase-12), CCAAT/enhancer binding-protein homologous protein (CHOP) were assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.
Results
Twenty-four hours after operation, HE staining showed that no significant neuronal damage was observed in Sham group.The brain tissue structure of rats in the HIBD group was significantly damaged, while some improvement was observed in the G-CSF group.The infarction volume in HIBD group[(25.40±5.15)%] increased compared with that in the Sham group[(0.31±0.15)%] and the G-CSF group[(16.36±4.97)%], and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). There was increased positive expression of GRP78 protein in HIBD group, compared with that in the Sham group and the G-CSF group[(49.38±10.06)% vs.(9.12±4.50)%, (30.61±6.35)%], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The percentage of apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region and conex in HIBD group [(44.84±11.54)%, (48.23±14.07)%] were higher than those in the G-CSF group [(17.87±7.20)%, (26.18±9.96)%], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The expression of GRP78, CHOP and Caspase-12 in the HIBD group (0.63±0.24, 0.72±0.21, 0.68±0.25) were higher than those in the Sham group (0.20±0.08, 0.28±0.08, 0.23±0.07), and the G-CSF group (0.39±0.13, 0.51±0.18, 0.48±0.16), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).
Conclusions
G-CSF exerts neuroprotective effect on the neonatal rats after HIBD.G-CSF may be an effective treatment of HIBD by reducing ER stress-induced neuronal apoptosis.
Key words:
Infant, newborn; Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage; Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; Endoplasmic reticulum stress
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