Abstract— We obtained color images of near‐Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa by the Hayabusa multiband imaging camera to characterize the regional color properties. Images were obtained for the whole disk from the gate position (GP) and home position (HP) at a spatial resolution of 0.8–3.7 m/pixel. Whole‐disk spectra are adjusted to the telescopic data obtained by the University of Hawai'i's 88‐inch telescope using the Eight Color Asteroid Survey (ECAS) system. The disk‐resolved measurements show large variations in the three visible channels. We present a map of an index related to the degree of space weathering, which has been newly developed based on laboratory measurements. We find large variations in the degree of space weathering on Itokawa. Fresh materials are observed in regions of steep slopes and craters, whereas mature materials are ubiquitously distributed. This result suggests that pristine ordinary chondrite‐like materials have been exposed through weathered layers by excavation. By also examining close‐up images obtained during touchdown rehearsal, we find that most rocks in Itokawa's rough terrains are weathered. Instead of a regolith blanket, the surface of this small asteroid is covered with weathered rocks and gravels.
KAGUYA (SELenological and ENgineering Explorer :SELENE) is the most sophisticated lunar exploration mission in the post-Apollo era and consists of the main orbiter and two small satellites - the Relay satellite (OKINA) and the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Radio source (VRAD) satellite (OUNA). SELENE was successfully launched on September 14, 2007 at Tanegashima Space Center of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and it had been in operation from December 21, 2007 to October 30, 2008. Then, KAGUYA has been in operation as extended period until June 2009. KAGUYA data will be used for studying “lunar origin and evolution” and “exploration” of the Moon and will be archived and distributed in PDS-like format with the descriptions of data format and technical information (data format description is planning to be ready by the launch.). In addition to the scientific utilization of KAGUYA data, JAXA also deployed KAGUYA education and public outreach (EPO) activity to promote space activity to public, especially to next generation. This paper describes the overview of KAGUYA EPO activity and results.
The feeding of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) to male rats at a dietary concentration of 0.005% (w/w) for 7 days resulted in a marked increase in the activity of microsomal stearoyl-CoA desaturation in the liver. This increase in the overall desaturation activity was due to the induction of terminal desaturase among the components comprising the desaturation system. In contrast, PFDA inhibited desaturation in vitro, seemingly due to interference with electron transport through the desaturation system. Accordingly, PFDA can be an inducer and also an inhibitor of delta9-desaturation. PFDA feeding enhanced the conversion of radioactive stearic acid into oleic acid in the liver in vivo, indicating that the induction of delta9-desaturase by PFDA functions in vivo. PFDA feeding increased the mass of octadecenoic acid (C18:1) in the liver and the proportion of C18:1 in microsomal lipid. A highly significant linear correlation existed between the microsomal desaturase activity and the proportion of C18:1 in microsomal lipid when compared using rats in five different physiological states: control, PFDA-fed, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (clofibric acid)-fed, starved and starved/refed. These results suggest that the increase in the hepatic level of C18:1 caused by feeding of PFDA to rats can be explained by the common concept of regulation, i.e. the hepatic level of C18:1 is under the control of delta9-desaturase. The dietary administration of PFDA also increased the content of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase in the liver.
60025 cataclastic anorthosite Pl: >90 with minor Px & Ol 2 67016 Feldspathic polymict breccia Pl: ~90 with minor Px & Ol 3 60019 Feldspathic impact-melt breccia Pl + Px: ~70 with Ol 1 67235 Mafic impact-melt breccia Pl: 54, Px:40, Ol:6 67667 Feldspathic lherzolite Pl: 20-30, Ol:20-50, Px: 30-50 4 sample# rock type modal abundance (vol%) Ref. Introduction: Understanding reflectance spectral signatures of returned soils and rock samples of the Moon are essential to interpret the remotely-sensed data obtained from orbital satellites, such as Clementine and upcoming SELENE mission. Correlations between remote-sensing data and spectral data of soils, which represent average compositions of specific landing sites, have been well studied. However, the discrepancies between remote and soil data have been also recognized, apparently due to the differences in the extent of exposure of geological units, and hence major rock component in the area sampled. The major geological units were represented and sampled at the landing site, but not necessarily in the same proportions where these units occur in the areas around the sites. Thus, variations of the reflectance spectra depending on the proportion of the multiple rock types mixed in the soils need to be understood, in order to accurately estimate rock types and mineral compositions based on the orbital data. Here, we discussed the diversity of reflectance spectra of the nearside lunar highland, based on the spectral data of various types of Apollo 16 rock samples. Samples: Five Apollo 16 rock samples with different texture, modal abundance, and mineral composition were selected (Table 1, Fig. 1). They were provided by NASA JSC. Differences in rock textures are due to the extent of shock effect. Note that 60019 sample we studied is poikilitic clasts included in the regolith breccia [1]. Methods: Bidirectional reflectance spectra from 0.3 – 2.5 μm were measured using a UV-Visible-Near IR spectrophotometer of the University of Tokyo. Rock chips were used for the spectral measurement and Halon powder was used for the standard. Assumed interpretation based on multi-band spectral data, composite absorption features were discussed instead of decomposing into individual absorption bands. Mineralogical analyses were done by JEOL 8200 Electron Microprobe at National Institute of Polar Research. 67235 matrix 67235 oicocryst
