Мета роботи. Дослідження впливу мікотоксину Т2 на вміст аденілатів в тканинах білих м’язів, печінки та мозку коропа. Методологія. Визначення вмісту АТФ, АДФ та АМФ у тканинах відповідних органів риб проводили методом висхідної одномірної тонкошарової хроматографії на силікагелевих пластинках «Sorbfil» з використанням системи розчинників: 1,4- діоксан, ізопропанол, аміак, вода у співвідношенні (4:2:1:4). Крім того, для більш повної оцінки стану аденілатної системи різних тканин коропа в умовах навантаження мікотоксином Т2 були розраховані такі характеристики енергетичного стану клітини: аденілатний енергетичний заряд (АЕЗ) та відношення мас аденілаткиназної реакції (ДМАК) Також розраховували відсоткове співвідношення аденілових нуклеотидів у тканинах риб. Кількість неорганічного фосфору визначали за методом Фіске–Субароу. Наукова новизна. Дослідження розкриває специфічні зміни у вмісті аденілатів під впливом мікотоксину Т2 в тканинах коропа, що дозволяє глибше зрозуміти тканинну специфічність енергетичного обміну у риб. Встановлено, що досліджуваний мікотоксин значно знижує концентрацію АТР, ADP та AMP в білих м’язах і печінці. Ці результати сприяють розумінню впливу мікотоксинів на водні організми та їхню енергетичну регуляцію. Висновки. Вплив мікотоксину Т2 на аденілатний профіль тканин коропа вказує на його тканинну специфічність. Присутність його в кормах призводить до значного зниження концентрацій макроергічних сполук, особливо в білих м'язах, що негативно впливає на енергетичний баланс клітин. Під дією мікотоксину, внесеному безпосередньо у воду акваріумів, в печінці та мозку спостерігається підтримка рівня АТФ, що свідчить про активізацію енергетичного обміну. Отримані результати підтверджують необхідність контролю вмісту мікотоксинів у кормах риб у сільському господарстві.
Mycotoxins are particularly dangerous for both animals and humans. Their toxic effects manifest even in ultra-minimal doses, which are often impossible to detect even with modern methods. The response mechanism of hydrobionts to toxic pollution in the aquatic environment is revealed through biochemical and physiological reactions aimed at restoring damaged functions. Increased human impact on aquatic ecosystems has exacerbated the survival challenges for aquatic organisms under stressful conditions. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of mycotoxin T-2 on ichthyological indicators in carp fish. Even ultra-low doses of mycotoxins can have toxic effects, and their presence is often difficult to detect with modern methods. Changes in morphometric indicators and metabolic processes are integral components of complex nonspecific reactions that occur in response to any stress factors. During long-term exposure or at high intensity, serious and irreversible damage can occur, potentially leading to various pathologies or even death of the organism. Based on this, the aim of the study was to examine the effect of mycotoxin T-2 on the ichthyological indicators of carp fish. A laboratory experiment showed that exposure to mycotoxin T-2 led to a slight increase in the fatness ratio of fish, which could be explained by tissue swelling. A similar trend was observed regarding the liver index in carp. In the case of crucians, the liver index remained unchanged. Additionally, no significant changes were found in the indicators of body height, head height, and compactness. This can be attributed to the relatively short two-week experimental period, which may not be sufficient to detect differences in morphological parameters. During the experiment, when mycotoxin T-2 was introduced into laboratory aquariums, changes were detected in the protein metabolism components in the blood of fish. Total protein levels decreased by 29% in carp and 32% in crucian carp exposed to mycotoxin T-2. The study of ALT and AST activity in the blood under the influence of mycotoxin revealed an increase in the activity of aminotransferases in both carp and crucian carp. From the blood, free amino acids are transferred to the liver, where in response to ALT and AST, their transamination increases, explaining the heightened activity of these enzymes.
The importance of information and communication technologies as an element of the formation of health-saving competence of education seekers is considered. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and experimentally verify the pedagogical conditions for the formation of health-preserving competence of future biology teachers by means of information and communication technologies in the educational environment of a higher education institution, based on a theoretical analysis of the researched problem and educational practice. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic and person-oriented approach to the analysis of psychological-pedagogical literature and pedagogical experience on issues of social-pedagogical activity. The work uses a multi-level systematic analysis of scientific sources, which is based on philosophical, general scientific and partly scientific and specific scientific levels of knowledge.
Scientific novelty. It was determined that information and communication technologies are one of the priority conditions for health-saving use of hardware and software in the educational process. The importance of information and communication technologies for the development of health-preserving competence of education seekers, the organization of training, upbringing and development of youth has been established. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the importance of using information and communication technologies in the organization of the educational process in the educational institution was clarified. The possibilities of information and communication technologies for the formation of health-preserving competence of young people are highlighted. The role of information and communication technologies in the organization of the information and educational environment of the educational institution is defined. Conclusions. Creating a healthy informational educational environment, increasing the level of professional skills of teachers, activating the cognitive activity of young people and, as a result, increasing the efficiency of the educational process.
The aim: Is to investigate the psychological and pedagogical determinants of the students’ healthy lifestyle formation by means of health and fitness activities. Materials and methods: The study involved 882 students between the ages of 17 and 23. An analysis of the students’ health dynamics during the period of study determined their motivational and value-based attitude to a healthy lifestyle, the level of health competence and the desire of students to implement it in future professional activities, studied the attitude of students to their own health Results: It was found that during two years of study, the health of students had significantly deteriorated. The number of sick students increased to 34.8 % among males and to 31.9 % among females. It was found that only 12.3 % of male students and 10.6 % of female ones had a high level of motivation for a healthy lifestyle. Conclusions: It was determined that students were aware of the importance of a high level of health to ensure the effectiveness of vital activity (more than 50 % of students realized the value of health in the system of life values), but the vast majority did nothing to maintain it. Most students did not have the knowledge, skills, and abilities to use health technologies during studying and leisure.
The article deals with the actual problem of teaching disciplines, including issues of methodology and organization of scientific research for graduate students in the higher education system. Special attention is paid to the analysis of modern educational approaches, which are aimed not only at the formation of purely scientific competences, but also at the spiritual and intellectual development of young scientists. The training of graduate students in these disciplines includes not only the mastering of methodological principles, but also promotes the development of such personal qualities as critical thinking, moral responsibility, commitment to scientific integrity, and internal motivation for scientific activity. The article examines various learning methods that can contribute to the active involvement of graduate students in the process of self-discovery and self-development, including interactive learning methods, project activities, research tasks, and debates. Such methods give graduate students the opportunity to develop the skills of independent decision-making, search for innovative solutions and teamwork, which is extremely important for successful professional activity in the modern scientific environment. In addition, the article examines how educational practices contribute to the integration of moral and spiritual values into the scientific activity of graduate students, in particular through the formation of a holistic worldview that includes humanistic principles, the ethics of science, and responsibility to society. The role of the teacher in the process of professional training of graduate students is considered, in particular, his influence on the personal and spiritual growth of students through constant feedback, providing an example of scientific integrity, supporting and creating a positive learning environment. It is emphasized that the interaction of teachers and graduate students is important to create a learning environment that stimulates graduate students to grow internally and achieve high standards in research activities. The systematic approach used in the study made it possible to present the process of teaching the methodology of scientific research as a dynamic, integrated system. This approach makes it possible to identify the key factors of successful professional training, to establish connections between the components of the educational process, and to create a model that meets the needs of the modern scientific and educational environment. In particular, it is emphasized that the successful training of graduate students is aimed not only at the development of their professional competences, but also at the formation of high spiritual qualities, the ability for deep analysis and awareness of the role of science in society. The article is aimed at theoretical justification and practical recommendations for teaching methodology and organization of scientific research, taking into account the spiritual and intellectual development of graduate students as part of their comprehensive preparation for the role of researchers. The presented approaches can be useful for teachers who seek to increase the effectiveness of the educational process, make it more inclusive and aimed at educating the moral and professional qualities of future scientists.
Процес розвитку освітньої галузі передбачає розроблення та розвиток окремої теорії соціально-педагогічної діяльності вчителя-предметника. Це забезпечується через залучення наявних соціально-педагогічних знань та практичного досвіду до наукового змісту, із впровадженням досвіду вчених-фахівців в галузі професійної діяльності сумісно із соціальними педагогами-практиками. Особливу увагу варто приділити формуванню організаторських здібностей майбутніх педагогів, що визначається, зокрема, рівнем самостійності, розвитком ініціативності та сприяє підвищенню адаптаційного потенціалу здобувачів освіти. У зв’язку з цим важливим завданням професійної освіти є визначення основних стратегій підготовки майбутніх фахівців – учителів біології та основ здоров’я до ефективного провадження соціально-педагогічної діяльності в закладах загальної середньої освіти.
Мета статті. Проаналізувати умови підготовки майбутніх педагогів до соціально- педагогічної діяльності в закладах загальної середньої освіти.
Методи дослідження. При здійсненні дослідження використано комплекс наступних методів: теоретичні – аналіз, синтез, узагальнення, систематизація, конкретизація, порівняння, теоретичного моделювання; емпіричні – спостереження, бесіди, аналіз результатів діяльності студентів.
Результати дослідження. Процес підготовки майбутніх учителів біології та основ здоров’я до соціально-педагогічної діяльності необхідно розглядати як складний інтегративний феномен, що існує як соціальне, педагогічне та психологічне явище. Традиційні підходи до професійної підготовки майбутніх фахівців-педагогів з біології та основ здоров’я не завжди забезпечують належний рівень формування спрямованості особистості на соціально- педагогічну діяльність, її мотивації до успіху. Установлено три основні педагогічні умови, які забезпечують реалізацію пропонованої системи підготовки: створення відповідного освітнього середовища; впровадження в навчальний процес спеціально розробленого навчально-методичного забезпечення; систематичний моніторинг стану формування готовності майбутніх вчителів біології та основ здоров’я до соціально-педагогічної діяльності.
Paper deals with activity of some enzymes, content of glucose and total lipids in liver of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.), common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) under impact of herbicides zenkor and roundup.
The article substantiates the use of a competence-cultural approach in the formation of readiness for international communication of future specialists in physical education and sports. With the competence-cultural approach, the variability of education is based on the principles that come from the cultural pluralism and self-existence of each culture, imagining the unique wealth of opportunities for their equal dialogue, based on establishing contacts with the traditions and values of different peoples, their mutual understanding and mutual enrichment. The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the competence-cultural approach to the formation of readiness for international communication of future specialists in physical education and sports. According to the research, the proposed competence-cultural approach contributes to personality development and provides students with the ability to understand different types of cultures, civilizations and the norms of communication associated with them, as well as to adequately interpret cultural phenomena and facts, to choose effective strategies for intercultural interaction in a literary environment. The peculiarity of this approach is that it covers not only national cultures, but also social subcultures. The proposed competence-cultural approach ensures the personal and meaningful development of future specialists, allows them to navigate in different types of cultures, civilizations and norms of communication related to them, to adequately implement the phenomena and facts of culture and to correctly choose interaction strategies in different types of intercultural communication. Conclusions. The competence-cultural model of modern socio-humanitarian education is possible under the condition of prioritizing freedom and cultural pluralism, based on the search for agreement and consensus in the process of creative dialogue. In this regard, the multicultural and polyethnic dimension is a determinant of modern higher professional physical education, and the interrelationship of their components is the main condition for the implementation of the competence-cultural paradigm in the formation of readiness for international communication of future physical culture and sports specialists.
Aim: To check the effectiveness of authors’ technology of increasing physical activity of university students. Materials and Methods: The research involved 369 students (including 197 males and 172 females). All students were divided into control (CG) and experimental groups (EG). The EG included 188 students (105 males, 83 females), the CG – 181 students (92 males, 89 females) respectively. The effectiveness of authors’ technology was assessed by the following indicators: the amount of physical activity; the dynamics of students’ physical fitness during four years of studying. Results: The results of the experiment show that authors’ technology contributes to increasing the amount of students’ physical activity and improving the level of their physical fitness. The students (both males and females) of the EG were recorded to have significantly better indicators than the CG. Conclusions: The experimental work confirmed the effectiveness, functionality and adaptability of the authors’ technology of increasing physical activity of university students. A high level of physical activity of students will contribute to strengthening their health and improving the efficiency of their future professional activities.
