Supplementary Figures 1-6 from Repression of NHE1 Expression by PPARγ Activation Is a Potential New Approach for Specific Inhibition of the Growth of Tumor Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>
The room‐temperature fracture‐resistance behavior ( R ‐curve) of unidirectional silicon‐carbide‐fiber‐reinforced zircon‐matrix composites has been studied experimentally and numerically. The composites showed strong rising R ‐curve behavior from experimental results that used in situ crack‐length measurements taken via optical microscopy as well as the compliance method. A numerical calculation, based on the available models, then was performed to determine the bridging‐stress function from the experimental R ‐curve. In addition, the effect of the residual stress and constituent properties on the bridging‐stress function also has been considered in the numerical calculations. These results have indicated that the bridging‐stress function, which controls the fracture resistance of ceramic composites, can be obtained from the carefully measured R ‐curve.
Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the studies of ceramic materials under transient thermal conditions over the past four decades. Such studies are becoming increasingly more important as advanced ceramic materials are demanded for applications at higher temperatures and more severe transient thermal conditions. In this paper, the theoretical and experimental studies on the thermal shock behaviour of monolithic ceramics and ceramic composites are reviewed; a survey of the experimental techniques that have been developed for characterising thermal shock damage is also included. It is shown that such studies for the monolithic ceramics have been extensive. The theoretical analyses are based primarily on the behaviour of monolithic ceramics and have been successfully applied to explain experimental phenomena and predict the thermal shock behaviour of monolithic ceramics. However, similar studies of the thermal shock resistance of ceramic composites, especially continuous fibre reinforced composites, are limited, despite the recent rapid advancements in ceramic composites and their improved properties. Fibre reinforced ceramic composites exhibit superior resistance to thermal shock damage compared with monolithic ceramics. Catastrophic failure induced by severe thermal stresses can be prevented in ceramic composites. The theories developed for the monolithic ceramics can not be applied directly to fibre reinforced ceramic composites because of such characteristics as anisotropy and mismatch of fibre and matrix properties. Although the water quench technique has been the most popular for thermal shock studies because of its simplicity, the fast heating technique with controlled power supply to the heat source offers a desirable option. Both destructive and non-destructive techniques have been used for assessing the thermal shock damage in a ceramic body, but non-destructive tests have the potential for application to engineering scale ceramic components.
The seismic analysis of a bridge pier with isolated foundation considering the effects of soil-structure interaction is a better indicator of the dynamic response of the structure. This paper presents design forces computed for bridge piers of varying heights with developed approaches. The results have revealed that the difference of base shear demand between force based and displacement based approaches decrease with increase in slenderness ratio. The similar trend is also observed for difference in base shear demand between capacity spectrum and displacement based methods. The base shear demand by nonlinear time history analysis is large in comparison to other considered design methods. The relationship between height and cross-section of bridge pier has been worked out such that the base shear demand by force based and displacement based design are closer. The average value of the slenderness ratio for all zones and soil types is found to be 5.0.
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