In this work we present the results achieved within the Dragon project, cooperation program between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Remote Sensing Center of China (NRSCC), about monitoring the terrain motion in urban areas, measuring the city growth rate and analyzing the stability of big manmade structures. Among the processed areas, we report here the main results we obtained in the test sites of Shanghai, Tianjin and Three Gorges. The techniques that have been used to process the data are classical SAR interferometry (InSAR), Permanent Scatterers (PSInSAR) and a combination of coherent-uncoherent analysis. Particular attention is worth to be paid to the analysis of the Three Gorges Dam, biggest hydroelectric plant in the world, in which stability and characteristics of its scattering structures have been studied.
Abstract. Rupture complexity results in difficulty with quantifying seismic hazards, such as the probability of an earthquake on multiple segments in an active fault system and spatial distribution of the fault displacement on the surface. Here we propose a dynamic model to explain rupture complexity. To confirm this model’s credibility, we used it to explain the rupture behavior of the 2018 Mw7.5 Palu earthquake, which splayed along several sub-fault planes on the surface. The Palu event initiated on an unidentified fault and propagated on a curved plane on the Palu-Koro and Matano faults. According to the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data, both principal (on-fault) and distributed (off-fault) faulting were identified, and spatial displacement on the surface could be evaluated. To model the complex geometry of the coseismic rupture plane and corresponding deformation, we proposed a dynamic model through the discrete element method. Our model demonstrated rupture along a planar fault at depth and several splay faultings with various deformation on the surface, corresponding to the observations. The simulations represented temporal rupture behavior that covers several earthquake cycles and probability of superficial fault displacement that shed light on subsequent seismic hazard assessment and probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis, respectively.
On February 6, 2023, two large earthquakes occurred near the Turkish town of Kahramanmaras. The moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 mainshock ruptured a 310 km-long segment of the left-lateral East Anatolian Fault, propagating through multiple releasing step-overs. The Mw 7.6 aftershock involved nearby left-lateral strike-slip faults of the East Anatolian Fault Zone, causing a 150 km-long rupture. We use remote-sensing observations to constrain the spatial distribution of coseismic slip for these two events and the February 20 Mw 6.4 aftershock near Antakya. Pixel tracking of optical and synthetic aperture radar data of the Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 satellites, respectively, provide near-field surface displacements. High-rate Global Navigation Satellite System data constrain each event separately. Coseismic slip extends from the surface to about 15 km depth with a shallow slip deficit. For the mainshock, rupture propagation stopped southward at the diffuse termination of the East Anatolian fault and tapered off northward into the Pütürrge segment, some 20 km south of the 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ earthquake, highlighting a potential seismic gap. This repository contains the finite slip distribution of the February 6, 2023 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaras mainshock and Mw 7.6 Elbinstan aftershock, as well as the slip distribution of the second largest aftershock, the February 20, 2023 Mw 6.4 Antakya earthquake. The repository also provides the slip distribution of the 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ earthquake.
With the development of GPS and using in various fields, the received equipment of GPS using in our country are more and more, but for the observation data format of GPS is not united, It is difficult on calculation of GPS data, allowance togethor of GPS observation data for user and integration of GIS and GPS.The research is very impormant for exchange of GPS observation data format. The exchange of GPS observation data format is studied. [
Registration of two or more images of the same scene is an important procedure in INSAR image processing that seeks to extract differential phase information not obtainable from each one of these images. Meanwhile, the accuracy of this step is crucial to the reliability of subsequent image processing and final results of the data processing chain. Based on some conventional INSAR registration methods, this paper presents an approach integrating correlation-registration and least square-registration to attain sub-pixel precision. Furthermore, experimentations implemented on test site prove validity of the registration method. Finally, some significant conclusions are made by the experiment results.
In order to fulfill the request of digital elevation model(DEM) mapping in complex terrain areas with the remarkable height difference and steep slopes,a DEM refinement mapping approach is presented in complex terrain areas with high resolution SAR data.On the basis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR) technology,a coarse external DEM is firstly introduced,the one-to-one correspondence between interferogram and external DEM can be determined.Then multiple linear models are established,the trend of phase error can be removed by linear regression analysis.Moreover,unreliable height points can be effectively filtered once the gross errors are determined via the error range of external DEM.Finally DEM product is constructed from reliable height points.The experiment with high resolution InSAR data of COSMO in Deqin areas in China is implemented,the final result has been validated by check points surveyed from GPS,the DEM mapping product has been proved to fulfill the standard of 1∶50 000 DEM mapping in complex terrain areas.
Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (Rgs5), a negative regulator of G-protein-mediated signaling, on cardiac repolarization and arrhythmia in mice. Methods and Results Wild-type (WT) and Rgs5 -/- mice were subjected to in vivo, in vitro, and cellular electrophysiological experiments. Compared with WT group, Rgs5 -/- mouse hearts showed significantly prolonged cardiac repolarization, including prolonged QT c interval (55.3±6.3ms vs 45.4±6.6ms, P 90 ) in left ventricle (60.6±5.5ms vs 54.2±6.1ms, P + currents in ventricular myocytes of Rgs5 -/- mice revealed lower density of the outward voltage-dependent K + currents than that in wild-type mice, including I peak , I to, I kur , andI ss (P -/- mouse ventricle (P -/- during program electrical stimuli (PES) (53.3%, 12/23) and burst pacing (39.1%, 9/23). And the incidence of sustained VAs were also increased in Rgs5 -/- group (16.7%, 3.23), but none of them in WT mice. Importantly, the facilitated electrically induced VAs were associated with increased transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) (Rgs5 -/- : 9.1±2.1, WT: 5.1±1.6, P peak , I to and I Kur between the epicardium and endocardium in the Rgs5 [[Unable to Display Character: -]]/- heart (P Conclusion The results strongly indicate that (i) Knockout of Rgs5 induced prolongation of the QT interval and the APD, which were due to the decreased K + current density and reduced channel expression. (ii) The spatial heterogeneity of K + current density increased the dispersion of APD and predisposed Rgs5 -/- mice to electrically induced VAs.
Several researchers have studied the source parameters of the 2005 Fukuoka (northwestern Kyushu Island, Japan) earthquake (Mw 6.6) using teleseismic, strong motion and geodetic data. However, in all previous studies, errors of the estimated fault solutions have been neglected, making it impossible to assess the reliability of the reported solutions. We use Bayesian inference to estimate the location, geometry and slip parameters of the fault and their uncertainties using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Positioning System data. The offshore location of the earthquake makes the fault parameter estimation challenging, with geodetic data coverage mostly to the southeast of the earthquake. To constrain the fault parameters, we use a priori constraints on the magnitude of the earthquake and the location of the fault with respect to the aftershock distribution and find that the estimated fault slip ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 m with decreasing probability. The marginal distributions of the source parameters show that the location of the western end of the fault is poorly constrained by the data whereas that of the eastern end, located closer to the shore, is better resolved. We propagate the uncertainties of the fault model and calculate the variability of Coulomb failure stress changes for the nearby Kego fault, located directly below Fukuoka city, showing that the main shock increased stress on the fault and brought it closer to failure.
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