The aim of the investigation was to visualize transport of antibodies produced in the small intestine of the preliminarily sensibilized rats. Horseradish peroxidase (HP) was used as an antigen. Visualization of antibodies was performed by means of determining HP activity (R.S. Graham and M.G. Karnovsky method, 1966). In the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa of the sensibilized rat small intestine, plasmocytes synthesizing antibodies appeared on the 4th day after a challenge dose of the antigen had been injected. The synthesized immunoglobulins were transported in two directions: via epithelium in the intestinal lumen and into the vessels of the lamina propria of the small intestine tunica mucosa. These both processes occur by means of micropinocytosis. Out of the intestinal vessels the antibodies get into the system of the hepatic portal vein and are detected in the sinusoid capillaries and further they get into the perisinusoid space (Disse). Besides, the reaction product is revealed in micropinocytic vesicles situating in cytoplasm of hepatocytes and in bile capillaries. Thus, antibodies synthesized in the lamina propria of the small intestine tunica mucosa get into the intestinal lumen not only through epithelium, but also through biliary system of the liver.
Ultrastructure of cellular elements of the microcirculatory bed and filtration-reabsorption barrier has been studied in 150 mature white rats, in which vascular fasciculus of the left kidney has been compressed for 30 min, 1-2 h with a subsequent restoration of the blood stream in the organ undergone ischemia on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th, 60th, 180th, 360th days under conditions of the preliminarily right kidney nephrectomy. On the 3rd day after ischemia of the remained kidney for 30 min, structural components of the walls of the glomerular arterioles and those of the filtration-reabsorption barrier undergo certain ultrastructural changes, that with time elapsed (7, 14 days) gradually pass away, and amount of cells with hypertrophic processes increases. Ischemia for 1 h in the remained kidney with subsequent restoration of the blood stream on the 3rd, 7th days produces in the structures mentioned more pronounced destructive changes. During subsequent compensatory hypertrophy (the 30th, 60th days) of the remained kidney after its ischemia, in the microcirculatory bed elements and in the convoluted canal epitheliocytes intracellular regenerative and hyperplastic processes develop. However, ischemia for 2 h in the remained kidney produces severe destructive-necrotic phenomena in ultrastructure of the microcirculatory bed and of the filtration-reabsorption barrier.
Experiments were made on 40 immature guinea--pigs which were divided into two groups. 20 animals received intraduodenal injections of cholera toxin and 20 others were injected normal saline (groups I and II, respectively). Group I animals exhibited a rapid fall in one--cell secretion of XS recorded on hour 6-12 after the injection of cholera toxin. Inhibition of functional activity was associated with defected synthesis of granules in the cells of Paneth.
The possibility of cholera toxin uptake by the guinea-pig Peyer's patch epithelium was studied by electron cytochemistry. Use was made on highly purified cholera toxin labeled by horseradish peroxidase with the help of glutaraldehyde. The labeled toxin was introduced into the lumen of a ligated jejunum loop containing Peyer's patch. Sixty minutes following the toxin introduction the product of the cytochemical reaction was detected in the elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of Peyer's patch dome epithelium M-cells. The product was simultaneously found on the apical plasmalemma and in the cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of columnar epitheliocytes of Peyer's patch intervening villi.
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