Neurofibromatosis type 1 is characterized by cutaneous neurofibromas and pigmented lesions of the skin called café au lait spots. Although neurofibromatosis type 1 represents a major risk factor for the development of malignancy, especially of nervous system tumors, malignant lymphoma rarely occurs in a patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Recently, a 77-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 was diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (diffuse large B cell). She had multiple café au lait spots, neurofibromas and right axillary lymph node enlargement. An abdominal CT scan demonstrated a left pelvic mass and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Because non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in a neurofibromatosis patient has never been reported in Korea, herein, we describe this case and include a review of the literature.
Abstract Context.—Nuclear grooves and inclusions are major features of cancer. However, the nuclear irregularities in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not yet been well characterized. Objective.—To determine the clinicopathologic significance of nuclear grooves and inclusions in RCC. Design.—The frequencies or scores of nuclear grooves and inclusions were compared with the histologic subtype, nuclear grade, and TNM stage, as well as overall survival of RCC patients. For objective counting of nuclear irregularities, a relational image database was constructed and used for quantitative assessment. Results.—Nuclear grooves and inclusions were seen in 96% and 65% of 110 RCC cases, respectively. The intranuclear inclusions were found more frequently in chromophobe and papillary types than in clear cell carcinoma (P < .001). The nuclear scores, the sum of grooves or inclusions per 5000 tumor cells, were highly related to the histologic subtype (P < .001). Clear cell RCCs with high inclusion scores (2 or more) we...
Progenitor cells, termed oval cells, are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in animal models. By immunolabeling for c-kit and CD34 in human hepatitis B virus-associated cirrhosis with HCC (50 cases) and those with cirrhosis alone (10 cases), we found c-kit+ tumor cells in tumor tissue in 40 of 50 HCCs. The proportion was less than 0.1% of total tumor cell volume in most HCCs. Immunostaining for c-kit also was detected in sinusoidal endothelial cells in 43 of 50 HCCs. The incidence of oval cell occurrence in the adjacent nonneoplastic tissue in cases of HCC was high (44/50). The occurrence of oval cells, c-kit+ tumor cells, and c-kit+ sinusoidal cells in cases of human hepatitis B virus-associated HCC suggests that oval cell proliferation might be associated with the development of human hepatitis B virus-associated HCC. Furthermore, the c-kit+ sinusoidal cells might have a role in angiogenesis and progression of human hepatitis B virus-associated HCC.
A 42-year-old female patient was found to have a lesion that appeared to be ascites during a trans-abdominal ultrasound at a local healthcare center as part of a routine health check-up. She was subsequently referred to the gastroenterology department of Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital for further evaluation. Abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cystic lesion suspected to be a retroperitoneal lymphangioma. The patient underwent laparoscopic resection based on these findings, and a postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cystic mesothelioma. She has been followed for 5 months after surgery without any complications or signs of recurrence. When a localized lesion resembling ascites is found in a patient without underlying conditions, it is important to include cystic tumor in the differential diagnosis. Comprehensive imaging studies like CT and MRI, along with surgical intervention and immunohistochemical analysis, are crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Fibrothecoma is mesenchymal tumor deriving from the ovarian stroma composed of theca-like elements and fibrous tissues. Fibroma is rarely associated with Meigs’ syndrome which consists of an ovarian fibroma, ascites, and pleural effusion. And also, sclerosing peritonitis associated with thecoma of the ovary is a rare, but intriguing phenomenon characterized by striking peritoneal reactive fibrosis. We have experienced a case of Meigs’ syndrome and sclerosing peritonitis associated with fibrothecoma of the bilateral ovaries in a 57-year-old woman. We report a case with brief review of literatures.
In the investigation of superficial lymphadenopathy of unknown cause, fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology plays an invaluable role. It enables the differentiation of benign lymphadenopathy from lymphoid and non-lymphoid malignancies, obviating the need for open biopsy, and allowing the triage of patients. Cytopathologists should be familiar with the typical FNA patterns of benign lymphadenopathy, and recognize and differentiate among categories. In a minority of cases of benign lymphadenopathy, FNA can render a specific diagnosis. Benign lymphadenopathies are generally categorized into reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH), inflammatory or infectious processes, and benign lymphoproliferative disorders. RLH characteristically presents with a heterogeneous and polymorphous smear composed of normal cellular constituents of lymph nodes, in contrast with the homogeneous or monomorphic smear of most lymphomas. The caveat is that various malignant disorders may also present with polymorphous populations. It is also important to recognize thatbenign lymphoid smears may sometimes contain atypical cells that raise the suspicion of malignancy. Clinical information should always be the integral part of the diagnostic criteria in FNA of lymphadenopathy. If there is any doubt about the benign nature of the smear, it is prudent to suggest biopsy and ancillary studies.
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a recently described aggressive B-cell neoplasm, which usually manifests as a localized disease of the oral mucosa in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently we encountered a case of plasmablastic lymphoma manifesting in the left maxillary sinus and cervical lymph node of a previously healthy HIV-negative man, 48 years of age. we conducted a fine-needle aspiration smear of the cervical lymph node, and this was found to be highly cellular with numerous large cells exhibiting eccentrically positioned nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and moderate quantities of basophilic cytoplasm. A biopsy of the mass in the maxillary sinus evidenced diffuse growth of similar plasmablastic cells. These tumor cells were negative for the leukocyte common antigens, CD20, CD3, CD30, and EMA. However, the cells tested positive for CD79a and CD138/syndecan-1. The tumor cells also exhibited L-light-chain restriction. The Ki-67 proliferation index was measured at almost 100%. The patient was diagnosed with plasmablastic lymphoma. After three cycles of combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient went into complete remission, and currently remains in this state.
Autochthonous human gnathostomiasis had never been reported in the Republic of Korea. We report here a case of Gnathostoma spinigerum infection in a 32-year-old Korean woman, presumed to have been infected via an indigenous route. The patient had experienced a painful migratory swelling near the left nasolabial fold area of the face for a year, with movement of the swelling to the mucosal area of the upper lip 2 weeks before surgical removal of the lesion. Histopathological examinations of the extracted tissue revealed inflammation with heavy eosinophilic infiltrations and sections of a nematode suggestive of a Gnathostoma sp. larva. The larva characteristically revealed about 25 intestinal cells with multiple (3-6) nuclei in each intestinal cell consistent with the 3rd-stage larva of G. spinigerum. The patient did not have any special history of travel abroad except a recent trip, 4 months before surgery, to China where she ate only cooked food. The patient is the first recorded autochthonous case of G. spinigerum infection in Korea. Key words: Gnathostoma spinigerum, gnathostomiasis, case report, lip
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