Single Slope Corrugated Wick type Solar Distillers (SWS) have garnered substantial research funding due to their ease of preparation and excellent resistance to heat and moisture. . Furthermore, the limited light utilization capacity of ZnO nanoparticles (Z) leads to insufficient thermal energy conversion and low solar energy absorption in SWS. In this study, we introduce a novel approach, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), in which crystallized Z is combined with activated carbon (AC) derived from are canut shells. This approach significantly enhances the thermal efficiency of solar energy utilization in SWS. FRET enables efficient energy transfer from ZAC to water and is evaluated in detail. When Z serves as donors and AC as acceptors, the photoluminescence produced by ZAC can be absorbed by both, increasing the carrier population from the Corrugated Wick-type to the glass cover in the SWS. Energy and charge transfer processes are optimized for both summer and winter conditions. The ZAC-based SWS displays remarkable stability in ambient environments, achieving a 33.989% increase in distillation efficiency in summer and 31.199% in winter. The introduction of ZAC enhances the distillate water production to 6.325 liters/m2 per day in summer and 5.840 liters/m2 per day in winter (24 hours).
The machining of nickel-based super alloys is challenging, owing to the generation of high cutting temperatures, as well as difficulty in maintaining dimensional accuracy and minimizing surface roughness, which compels the use of cutting fluids for reducing these issues due to efficient cooling/lubrication strategies. The present work investigates the comparative performance of four cooling/lubrication techniques: dry cutting, wet, minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) and compressed-air modes in turning Nitronic 60 steel using a new-generation SiAlON ceramic inserts. Several machinability parameters were analyzed for performance evaluation. For this purpose, 16 cycles of turning trials were performed based on Taguchi's L16 orthogonal array experimental design by varying cutting conditions and lubrication modes. MQL exhibits beneficial effects as compared to the other lubrication conditions concerning low cutting force, improved surface finish, decreased cutting temperature, longer tool life, and lower white layer thickness on machined surface. Burr formation on the saw-tooth chip surface, as well as friction, greatly influenced the tool flank wear due to improper cooling and poor lubrication approach in dry, wet, and compressed-air-cooled machining environments in comparison to MQL-machining. From an economical perspective, the tool life in MQL machining improved by 11%, 72%, and 138% in the comparison with flooded, compressed-air, and dry conditions, respectively. The results of the study demonstrate that using the MQL system can help with heat extraction capability, and provide some promising outcomes.
The current medical implants are being developed using materials like Co-Cr, stainless steel, and titanium alloys. These conventional implant materials induce a stress shield effect and toxic ions for many medical implant conditions. This leads to secondary operations, which are done to remove the implant. Many researchers have proposed a biodegradable magnesium metal matrix composite (Mg-MMC) as an implant material to prevent secondary operations. Magnesium composites are subjected to different engineering approaches such as reinforcing elements, surface treatment, and changing synthesis processes to increase their biocompatibility and mechanical properties. In this context, this review article summaries the influence of various reinforcing materials' reactions with matrix and synthesis processes on the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and corrosion behavior of biodegradable magnesium matrix composites. This paper aims to provide academicians, industry personnel, and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of biodegradable Mg-MMC used in biomedical implants.
Motivated by the need to understand the heat transfer process in permanent mold casting, the heat conduction problem in the casting and the mold is modeled as transient one-dimensional heat flow in a double-layer cylinder with radial interfacial heat flux to emulate the cooling process of the casting. The cylinder is cooled down by dissipating heat to surrounding by convection. Green's function method, which obtained by separation of variables technique, is used to obtain a closed form solution of temperature distribution. The results of the derived analytical expressions are verified with numerical results of finite-element analysis and the published experimental results. The simulations are performed for different casting/mold materials with diversified thermo-physical properties to figure out the relationship between those properties and heat transfer process. The analytical results are justified by their good agreement with both of numerical and experimental results and its time efficiency in computation which offers advantages in potential real-time application to casting process monitoring. The mean absolute percentage error between the obtained temperatures using the developed analytical model and the measured ones was 14.5% and 2.4% for the casting and mold, respectively.
At present, poly-generation sustainable systems are highly promising pathways that could produce several beneficial energy outputs, such as electricity, heat, and freshwater, that have the potential to fulfill financial competitiveness and higher efficiencies. Considering the great advantages of the solar dish/Stirling cycle, this study introduces comprehensive theoretical modeling and performance analysis of a solar dish/Stirling-powered single effect distillation system (SDSPSEDS) for combined electricity, heat, and freshwater tri-production. A detailed mathematical model executed in MATLAB software based on energy balance and opt-geometric approaches was established to simulate the SDSPSEDS operation dynamically. In order to analyze its performance under real weather conditions of Tabuk, KSA, for four seasonal scenarios. The energetic performance of the hybrid SDSPSEDS is comprehensively evaluated in terms of net electric power, solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency, Stirling engine rejected heat, distilled freshwater productivity, and overall co-generation efficiency of the hybrid system. The simulation results show that the daily electrical energy produced by the SDSPSEDS is 234.7, 194.6, 159.8, and 190.0 kWh/day. In contrast, the daily freshwater production is obtained as 787.4, 657.3, 545.0, and 650.0 kg/day in June, September, January, and March, respectively. Moreover, it is also found that the overall daily co-generation efficiency of the hybrid SDSPSEDS is increased to 62.60%, 53.50%, 47.40%, and 52.96% compared to only daily average electrical efficiencies of 20.92%, 17.82%, 15.50%, and 17.60% attained; in the same examined seasonal days, respectively when utilizing only standalone solar dish/Stirling power system. Thus, the findings of this study proved that the hybrid SDSPSEDS is an efficient system to produce power and water in rural areas with no water piping network or electrical grid.