Artificial nanochannels modified with thermo-responsive polymers can mimic protein channels in mammals with an adjustable gated potential response to a temperature stimulus.
With the rapid development of immunotherapy, the efficacy and feasibility of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for early resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been demonstrated. However, there are still difficulties and controversies in evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy. In our report, we described a 43-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with stage IIIA (cT1N2M0) pulmonary adenocarcinoma. After two cycles of neoadjuvant immunotherapy (sintilimab) combined with chemotherapy, according to imaging evaluation, the efficacy of the primary lesion was evaluated as stable disease and the mediastinal lymph nodes were evaluated as partial response. However, the postoperative pathological evaluation showed the primary lesion was pathological complete response and the mediastinal lymph nodes were major pathological response. This indicated that neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy was effective for both primary and mediastinal lymph nodes, but regression of the lesions was not synchronous. This study provided a complete process of neoadjuvant treatment, illustrating the effectiveness and safety of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy to a certain extent. It is also suggested that the evaluation of neoadjuvant immunotherapy should be combined with imaging and pathology, and the primary tumor and lymph nodes should be evaluated, respectively.
In response to Fe-deficiency, various dicots increase their root branching which contributes to the enhancement of ferric-chelate reductase activity. Whether this Fe-deficiency-induced response eventually enhances the ability of the plant to tolerate Fe-deficiency or not is still unclear and evidence is also scarce about the signals triggering it. In this study, it was found that the SPAD-chlorophyll meter values of newly developed leaves of four tomato (Solanum lycocarpum) lines, namely line227/1 and Roza and their two reciprocal F(1) hybrid lines, were positively correlated with their root branching under Fe-deficient conditions. It indicates that Fe-deficiency-induced root branching is critical for plant tolerance to Fe-deficiency. In another tomato line, Micro-Tom, the increased root branching in Fe-deficient plants was accompanied by the elevation of endogenous auxin and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and was suppressed either by the auxin transport inhibitors NPA and TIBA or the NO scavenger cPTIO. On the other hand, root branching in Fe-sufficient plants was induced either by the auxin analogues NAA and 2,4-D or the NO donors NONOate or SNP. Further, in Fe-deficient plants, NONOate restored the NPA-terminated root branching, but NAA did not affect the cPTIO-terminated root branching. Fe-deficiency-induced root branching was inhibited by the NO-synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME, but was not affected by the nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor NH(4)(+), tungstate or glycine. Taking all of these findings together, a novel function and signalling pathway of Fe-deficiency-induced root branching is presented where NOS-generated rather than NR-generated NO acts downstream of auxin in regulating this Fe-deficiency-induced response, which enhances the plant tolerance to Fe-deficiency.
An ultrafast, solvent-free PDMS coating method triggered by plasma was developed for ultrathin coating on various nanostructured substrates at room temperature.
Self-occlusion is challenging for cloth manipulation, as it makes it difficult to estimate the full state of the cloth.Ideally, a robot trying to unfold a crumpled or folded cloth should be able to reason about the cloth's occluded regions.We leverage recent advances in pose estimation for cloth to build a system that uses explicit occlusion reasoning to unfold a crumpled cloth.Specifically, we first learn a model to reconstruct the mesh of the cloth.However, the model will likely have errors due to the complexities of the cloth configurations and due to ambiguities from occlusions.Our main insight is that we can further refine the predicted reconstruction by performing test-time finetuning with self-supervised losses.The obtained reconstructed mesh allows us to use a mesh-based dynamics model for planning while reasoning about occlusions.We evaluate our system both on cloth flattening as well as on cloth canonicalization, in which the objective is to manipulate the cloth into a canonical pose.Our experiments show that our method significantly outperforms prior methods that do not explicitly account for occlusions or perform test-time optimization.Videos and visualizations can be found on our project website.
Abstract The influence of condensate oil is often ignored when people predict the water breakthrough time of condensate gas reservoirs, leading to a certain difference between the prediction and the actual results. In order to efficiently and scientifically develop the edge water condensate gas reservoir, it is necessary to consider the influence of the precipitated condensate oil when making reasonable predictions on the water breakthrough time. Based on the basic law of gas-water two-phase percolation, this paper simplified the water inlet process as the migration of water particles to the well bottom, with the influence of condensate oil precipitation taken into consideration. In this meantime, this paper derived a new model for predicting the breakthrough time of the edge water condensate gas reservoir based on the idea that the change of condensate saturation varies with time and the distance from well bottom. Case studies show that the lower the permeability, the greater the influence of condensate oil precipitation on water breakthrough time; the farther the well bottom is from the initial gas-water boundary, the longer the water breakthrough time; the effect of condensate oil cannot be ignored during the prediction of the water breakthrough time in the edge water condensate gas reservoir. The new model considers the dual effects of time and location on the condensate saturation, which is more in line with the actual situation of the change of condensate saturation in the formation.
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