INTRODUCTION:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive health care issue that is increasing cost burden on patients and health care system. In different researches it was concluded that relatives of patients suffering from CKD are at more risk of development of kidney problems and diagnosed with CKD. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early diagnosis of CKD in at risk population by screening the close family relatives of CKD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional screening study of family members of CKD patients performed in Nephrology department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi from September 2015 to January 2017. Total 200 relatives (58% male and 42% female) of CKD patients close relatives were enrolled and screened for medical history, physical examination (weight, height and BMI) and clinical investigations such as urine analysis, serum Creatinine and Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated by Cock GraftGault equation for assessment of renal functions.RESULTS: we observed53 abnormalities in relatives of CKD patients. Family history for Diabetes was present in 58(29%) relatives, Hypertension in 42(21%) relatives, 26 (13%) relatives with Glomerulonephritis (GN), and 74 patients (37%) with Tuberculosis (TB), Kidney damage and Stone diseases. Albuminuria was high in 33% relatives of CKD patients, mostly affecting first degree relatives 20.5% as compared to second degree relatives 2.5%. Relatives of CKD patients were diagnosed with high albuminuria in DM (36.2%) as compare to HTN (35.8%) and GN (27.0%). For final diagnosis, albuminuria and CrCl were monitored, that were found abnormalin 26.5% relatives of CKD patients.CONCLUSION:The screened relatives of CKD patients are at higher risk of kidney problems in the future, especially patients suffering from DM, HTN and GN.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that increases the risk of stroke and mortality. Patients with AF who have cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are at risk of developing atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs), which can lead to adverse outcomes. Several electrocardiographic P-wave indices have been studied as potential predictors of AHREs, including P-wave duration (PWD), P-wave dispersion (PWDIS), P-wave peak time (PWPT), and PR interval. This review aimed to assess the efficacy of these P-wave indices in predicting AHREs in patients with AF and CIEDs. The review included studies that found that PWD and PWDIS were significantly associated with AHREs. Additionally, studies have shown that P-wave peak time and PR interval may also predict AHREs. However, limitations such as variability in cut-off values and differences in patient populations and CIED types suggest the need for standardized diagnostic criteria. Overall, P-wave indices may be useful in identifying patients at risk for AHREs, but further research is needed to establish their clinical utility.
INTRODUCTION:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive health care issue that is increasing cost burden on patients and health care system. In different researches it was concluded that relatives of patients suffering from CKD are at more risk of development of kidney problems and diagnosed with CKD. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early diagnosis of CKD in at risk population by screening the close family relatives of CKD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional screening study of family members of CKD patients performed in Nephrology department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi from September 2015 to January 2017. Total 200 relatives (58% male and 42% female) of CKD patients close relatives were enrolled and screened for medical history, physical examination (weight, height and BMI) and clinical investigations such as urine analysis, serum Creatinine and Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated by Cock GraftGault equation for assessment of renal functions.RESULTS: we observed53 abnormalities in relatives of CKD patients. Family history for Diabetes was present in 58(29%) relatives, Hypertension in 42(21%) relatives, 26 (13%) relatives with Glomerulonephritis (GN), and 74 patients (37%) with Tuberculosis (TB), Kidney damage and Stone diseases. Albuminuria was high in 33% relatives of CKD patients, mostly affecting first degree relatives 20.5% as compared to second degree relatives 2.5%. Relatives of CKD patients were diagnosed with high albuminuria in DM (36.2%) as compare to HTN (35.8%) and GN (27.0%). For final diagnosis, albuminuria and CrCl were monitored, that were found abnormalin 26.5% relatives of CKD patients.CONCLUSION:The screened relatives of CKD patients are at higher risk of kidney problems in the future, especially patients suffering from DM, HTN and GN.
Background: Ziziphus vulgaris (ZV) and Ferula asafoetida (FA) have phenolic compounds with potential anti-epileptic activity.
Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the anti-epileptic potential of hydroalcoholic (30:70) crude extracts of ZV and FA.
Methods: Different doses (5 mg/ml, 15 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml) of extracts from ZV and FA were separately administered intraperitoneally to groups (7/group) of male albino mice (20-30 g). Phenytoin (15 mg/ml, intraperitoneal) was used as positive control. After 30 min, tonic-clonic seizures were induced by intraperitoneal administration of picrotoxin (6 mg/ml) and strychnine (4 mg/ml) in separate groups. Animals were monitored for 1 h and different parameters including onset and frequency of seizures and protection (against mortality & seizures) were determined.
Results: A dose dependent significant delay in onset and decrease in seizure frequency as well as mortality was observed in animals treated with plant extracts (ZV and FA). Positive control (phenytoin) also showed significant delay in seizure onset and decreased the seizure frequency.
Conclusion: The plant extracts (ZV and FA) contain the phenolic compounds which may induce the GABAergic transmission that could be the most probable mechanism for their anti-epileptic activity. Molecular studies and histopathological analysis are required to elucidate the exact anti-epileptic mechanisms of ZV and FA extracts.
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