To accelerate the transformation of energy in the power industry and satisfy the requirements of a low-carbon economy, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the low-carbon development level of the power supply, power grid, load, and energy storage that links to the urban power system, and establish a multi-layer evaluation method for the "SourceNetwork-Load-Storage" (SNLS) integrated power system. First, according to the characteristics of the new power system, from the perspective of cleaner energy production, efficient energy allocation, electrification of end consumption, and flexible network load interaction, a multi-layer key indicator method of SNLS in the city is established in this paper. Second, the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method are used to determine the subjective and objective weights. Then, the subjective and objective consequences are optimally combined based on game theory to determine the best comprehensive weight. Finally, the model is applied to a city SNLS integrated power system in Zhejiang Province to verify the effectiveness of the model.
The Triassic granitoids are widely exposed along the Changning‐Menglian suture zone (CMSZ) in SW China, which are the products of Palaeo‐Tethyan closure and are characterized by highly variable geochemical compositions. However, details of the implied source heterogeneity and magma genesis have not been well constrained. In this study, we present zircon U–Pb isotopes and trace elements, whole‐rock major and trace element compositions and Sr–Nd isotopes of Triassic granitoids from the giant Yunling and Lincang plutons developed in the CMSZ. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating indicates that they were emplaced at ca. 227–216 Ma. Geochemically, these Triassic granitoids can be classified into three types. The Yunling low‐silica granodiorites (Type 1) are characterized by the presence of amphibole‐bearing mineral assemblages, high TiO 2 and FeO T + MgO, belonging to I‐type granite and calc‐alkaline series. The Lincang low‐silica granodiorites (Type 2) are metaluminous to peraluminous with the occurrence of amphibole, consistent with transitional I‐S‐type granites. Compared to Type 1 and 2, the Lincang high‐silica (SiO 2 > 70%) alkali feldspar granites and syenogranites (Type 3) display lower CaO, TiO 2 , P 2 O 5 , MgO + FeO T , Eu, Sr, and Zr contents, belonging to fractionated‐type granites. Three types of granitoids collectively show enriched Rb, Th, K, and Pb, depleted Ba, Sr, Ti, and Eu, negative whole‐rock ε Nd ( t ) (−11.0 to −10.7) and old T DM2 ages of 1,886–1,855 Ma, indicating the affinity of middle‐upper crustal derivation. New zircon U–Pb dating yields an age range of 2,391–322 Ma for inherited zircons with two clusters at ca. 460 and 956 Ma, suggesting that their crustal source might be the basement of the Simao Block rather than the basement of the Proterozoic Lancang Group. Diverse geochemical compositions indicate that the parental magma of the Triassic granitoids in the CMSZ originated from the partial melting of a heterogeneous source, and experienced magma mixing, assimilation with Lancang Group meta‐sandstone and fractional crystallization. Considering the exhumation of the high‐pressure metamorphic rocks in the CMSZ at Triassic, the upwelling of the asthenosphere after the Palaeo‐Tethyan closure increased the geothermal gradient of the lithosphere and triggered extensive crust melting in a post‐collisional setting.
The paper describes the composition and the structural feature of the Xiakangjian blockgebirge. According to the moraine terrace and the ESR age of the moraine on the two sides of the Xiakangjian blockgebirge, it can be considered that the formation time of the Xiakangjian blockgebirge is Mid-Pleistocene. The cause of formation is the compounding action of strike-slip and raising.
Development of efficient hydrogen storage materials is one of the great challenges in the area of hydrogen energy and fuel cells. Herein, a La-doped Ti1.2CrMn alloy with high hydriding capacity (2.1 wt % H) and dehydriding capacity (1.8 wt % H) was successfully developed. The crystallographic characteristics, microstructural evolution, and hydrogen storage mechanisms of the alloy were investigated systematically. It was found that the introduction of La increased the cell volume of alloy and thus improved the hydrogenation kinetic, practical hydrogenation capacity, and cyclic property. The hydrogenation kinetic results of the La-doped alloy indicate that it exhibited a higher hydrogenation rate than that of the La-free alloy. It is ascribed to the formation of LaH3, which provides a fast diffusion channel for hydrogen atoms to enter the alloy matrix. The dehydrogenation enthalpy (ΔH) of the La-doped alloy was calculated by the van't Hoff equation and PCT curves to be ∼18.2 kJ/mol. The cycle test proves that the La-doped Ti1.2CrMn alloy, due to La addition, reduces the lattice expansion and lattice stress and exhibits excellent durability.
The Bugasi syneite body of the Coqen area belongs to a mid-deep intrusion dominated by medium to medium-coarse grained or medium-coarse porphyroid aegirine-augite syenite.It is located in the west segment of Gangdise and intimately associated with the widespread Miocene potassic volcanics.40Ar-39Ar plateau age and isochronal dating of the orthoclase from the syneite body are(27.14±0.05)Ma and(27.15±0.04)Ma,respectively.They represent the crystalline age of the intrusion.The new data indicate that the Bugasi syneite may be the earliest post-collision ultrapotassic alkaline magmatic rock found around the southern Tibet Plateau so far,and suggest that the Cenozoic post-collision potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism in the Lhasa block should start from 27 Ma B.P.at latest,and likely started from around 30 Ma B.P.rather than 25 Ma B.P.believed now.The obtained results provide more reliable space-time restriction for the future investigation of lithospheric evolution of the southern Tibet Plateau as well as for the comparative study of post-collision magmatic events over the Tibet Plateau.
With the escalating challenges of climate change and the imperative for carbon neutrality, evaluating the carbon footprint of regional power systems becomes crucial. To address this issue, a low-carbon evaluation framework for regional power systems is developed. First, this study identifies the fundamental requirements that the index system for the low-carbon power system should follow and specifies the general direction for the index system’s creation. Second, an evaluation model for carbon reduction ability is proposed by considering generation side, grid side and load side of the power system. Then, a comparative evaluation model for the carbon reduction capability of multi-regional power systems is proposed to spatiotemporally compare the carbon reduction capability of different power systems. Next, a quantification method for the weights of low-carbon evaluation indicators is established based on the power system simulation of multi-scenario scheduling and index sensitivity analysis method. Finally, a low-carbon comprehensive score for regional power systems is created by combining the evaluation results of the system’s carbon reduction capacity with index weights. The practical research results in a region of Zhejiang province in China demonstrate that the proposed model can provide a reasonable and feasible evaluation plan for the low-carbon construction of regional power systems.
This paper takes a school teaching building construction project as an example of managing and controlling the project construction process through the establishment of the 4D-BIM model of the teaching building and the simulation of the whole construction process.The use of 4D technology enhances the efficiency of project construction management,reduces the risks,and eventually optimizes the project.
The Bugasi syenite in Coqen area, Tibet, is the only Late Cenozoic feldspathoid- and alkaline dark mineral-bearing alkali syenite ever known in the Gangdise zone and even on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This syenite body, which is closely associated with Cenozoic potassic lavas, has been found mainly as aegirine-augite syenite. 40Ar-39Ar plateau dating of orthoclase from the syenite yielded an age of 27.14±0.05 Ma, which is slightly older than the age of its surrounding lava. The chemical composition is characterized by rich alkalis with K2O+Na2O11% and high contents of potassium with K2O8%, K2O/Na2O2 and the Rittmann Index σ9. These suggest that the rock belongs to the ultrapotassiic alkaline series. The syenite is enriched in large ion lithophile elements, radioactive heat-generating elements, high field strength elements and LREE and depleted in Sr and Ba and has weak negative Eu anomalies. The geochemistry, oxygen isotopic composition and biotite composition of the syenite suggest that its rock-forming material was derived from the enriched upper mantle. The Oligocene alkali syenite and its associated Miocene potassic volcanic rocks in the Coqen area constitute a post-collisional tectono-magmatic association. On the basis of the lithospheric thickening and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau due to India-Eurasia collision, such a magmatic association formed by partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle caused by lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling.
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