There is increasing demand from consumers for healthier and more sustainable foods. The significance of marine creatures as a source of unique bioactive compounds is expanding. Marine organisms constitute nearly half of the worldwide biodiversity; thus, oceans and sea present a vast resource for new substances and it is considered the largest remaining reservoir of beneficial natural molecules that might be used as functional constituents in the food sector and cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The algal bioactive compounds display numerous potential beneficial biological functions including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, tissue engineering, wound healing, and skin protection activities. Secondary metabolites in marine algae, bacteria, and viruses such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins could have great therapeutic implications due to their antifungal, antiviral, and antibiotic activities against several diseases. This review should provide academia and industry with new insights into the potential application of marine bioactives in products intended to improve human health and well-being.
The core objective of conducting the current study was to evaluate the chemical compositions of different composts and their effect on wheat yield. Mineral matter content, ash and moisture were higher in all enriched composts and vermicompost in comparison to conventional compost whereas as total organic carbon, water soluble carbon and C:N ratio were higher in conventional compost.There was higher variation in the content of nutrients in different composts as that of the conventional one but nitrogen and phosphorus were higher in nitrogen enriched phosphorous-compost and phosphorous enriched vermicompost. Zinc was higher in nitrogen enriched phosphorous-compost, vermicompost and phosphorous enriched vermicompost whereas manganese was higher in vermicompost and phosphorous enriched vermicompost. Biochemical quality stated that conventional compost had lesser amount of total phenol, alkaline and acid phosphatase enzyme activity but higher dehydrogenase activity than those of enriched composts. The more dehydrogenase activity in conventional compost is an indicator of partial decomposition. The time period of decomposition was almost similar (120 ± 5 days) among the enriched composts, whereas in case of conventional compost, decomposition period was 160 ± 10 days.Crop yield was lower in conventional compost but highest yield was obtained by supplying nitrogen enriched phosphorous-compost and phosphorous enriched vermicompost, nitrogen enriched phosphorous-compost provided yield at par to inorganic fertilizer application at 90 kg ha-1 N, 20 kg ha-1 P and 20 kg ha-1 K.
Current experiments were done to isolate plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from peach (Prunus persica) rhizosphere having biocontrol, biodegradation and defence mechanism activation against pesticide toxicity. PGPR strains (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) showed biocontrol activity against phytopathogens. Bacillus flexus PS-26 tolerated a maximum amount of chlorpyrifos and was also able to degrade different concentrations of chlorpyrifos within 30 h. Bacillus flexus PS-26 formed more biofilm, released a high amount of antioxidants and exopolysaccharides under chlorpyrifos stress, which suggested its detoxification role. The present study proved Bacillus flexus PS-26 to be a super-bioinoculant, which could protect plants against pesticide.
The present work was intended to develop the new drug in the form of film soluble in the oral cavity: development of its composition, production technology, the study of its antimicrobial activity. The relevance of the problem is caused by the absence of drugs in the form of films on the domestic pharmaceutical market. The optimal composition of films was selected by evaluating a number of physical, chemical and technological indicators of the obtained films. The article indicates the materials used to obtain the drugs in question, presents the technology for their preparation and quality determination methods: unit measurement methods and potentiometric determination of pH, tensiometric and conductometric methods, thin-layer and gas chromatography and others. Antimicrobial activity of the resulting films has been proven in vitro. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-p and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 have been used as the test microorganisms in order to study them by disk diffusion method in agar. The introduction of СО2 extract of Z. bungeana from medicinal plant raw materials as active ingredients in medicinal films will expand the range of complex phytopreparations of the domestic pharmaceutical market for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa.
The study was conducted on 250 vegetable growers selected from ten villages of Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir. The basic objective of the study was to ascertain the knowledge possessed and adoption level of growers as well as the economic status of vegetable growers. The result revealed that 50.80 per cent of the respondents had medium level of knowledge, 48.40 per cent of respondents belonged to medium adoption category and majority of 60.80 per cent of the vegetable growers belong to the middle economic status group.
Horticultural crops are vulnerable to diverse microbial infections, which have a detrimental impact on their growth, fruit quality, and productivity. Currently, chemical pesticides are widely employed to manage diseases in horticultural crops, but they have negative effects on the environment, human health, soil physiochemical properties, and biodiversity. Additionally, the use of pesticides has facilitated the development and spread of resistant pathovars, which have emerged as a serious concern in contemporary agriculture. Nonetheless, the adverse consequences of chemical pesticides on the environment and public health have worried scientists greatly in recent years, which has led to a switch to the use of biocontrol agents such as bacteria, fungi, and insects to control plant pathogens. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) form an integral part of organic farming, which is regarded as the future of sustainable agriculture. Hence, harnessing the potential of BCAs is an important viable strategy to control microbial disease in horticultural crops in a way that is also ecofriendly and can improve the soil health. Here, we discuss the role of the biological control of microbial diseases in crops. We also discuss different microbial-based BCAs such as fungal, bacterial, and viral and their role in disease management. Next, we discuss the factors that affect the performance of the BCAs under field conditions. This review also highlights the genetic engineering of BCAs to enhance their biocontrol efficiency and other growth traits. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities of biocontrol-based disease management in horticulture crops and future research directions to boost their efficacy and applications.
Modern agriculture has encountered several challenges in achieving constant yield stability especially due to disease outbreaks and lack of long-term disease-resistant crop cultivars. In the past, disease outbreaks in economically important crops had a major impact on food security and the economy. On the other hand climate-driven emergence of new pathovars or changes in their host specificity further poses a serious threat to sustainable agriculture. At present, chemical-based control strategies are frequently used to control microbial pathogens and pests, but they have detrimental impact on the environment and also resulted in the development of resistant phyto-pathogens. As a replacement, cultivating engineered disease-resistant crops can help to minimize the negative impact of regular pesticides on agriculture and the environment. Although traditional breeding and genetic engineering have been instrumental in crop disease improvement but they have certain limitations such as labour intensity, time consumption, and low efficiency. In this regard, genome editing has emerged as one of the potential tools for improving disease resistance in crops by targeting multiple traits with more accuracy and efficiency. For instance, genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas13, base editing, TALENs, ZFNs, and meganucleases, have proved successful in improving disease resistance in crops through targeted mutagenesis, gene knockouts, knockdowns, modifications, and activation of target genes. CRISPR/Cas9 is unique among these techniques because of its remarkable efficacy, low risk of off-target repercussions, and ease of use. Some primary targets for developing CRISPR-mediated disease-resistant crops are host-susceptibility genes (the S gene method), resistance genes (R genes) and pathogen genetic material that prevents their development, broad-spectrum disease resistance. The use of genome editing methods has the potential to notably ameliorate crop disease resistance and transform agricultural practices in the future. This review highlights the impact of phyto-pathogens on agricultural productivity. Next, we discussed the tools for improving disease resistance while focusing on genome editing. We provided an update on the accomplishments of genome editing, and its potential to improve crop disease resistance against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens in different crop systems. Finally, we highlighted the future challenges of genome editing in different crop systems for enhancing disease resistance.
'%3e%3ccircle r='20' fill='%23008'/%3e%3ccircle r='17.5' fill='%23fff'/%3e%3ccircle r='3.5' fill='%23008'/%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cg id='c'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cg id='a' fill='%23008'%3e%3ccircle r='.875' transform='rotate(7.5 -8.75 133.5)'/%3e%3cpath d='M0 17.5.6 7 0 2l-.6 5L0 17.5z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(15)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' transform='rotate(30)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' transform='rotate(60)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(120)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(-120)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cpath id='a' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='2' d='M-6-25H6m-12 3H6m-12 3H6'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='44'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0 17v10'/%3e%3ccircle r='12' fill='%23cd2e3a'/%3e%3cpath fill='%230047a0' d='M0-12A6 6 0 0 0 0 0a6 6 0 0 1 0 12 12 12 0 0 1 0-24z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='rotate(-123.69)'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0-23.5v3M0 17v3.5m0 3v3'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
