M. J. Carabaño

Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture

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Clara Díaz

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

M. Ramón

Institute of Research and Innovation Parc Tauli

R. Alenda

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Sghaier Najari

Institut des Régions Arides

Ahlem Atoui

University of Gabès

M. Serrano

Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria

A. Molina

University of Córdoba

ÓG

Ó. González-Recio

Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria

Natalia Moreno-Sánchez

Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria

C. Díaz

Virginia Tech

Cooperative Institutions

Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Institut des Régions Arides

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture

University of Gabès

University of Córdoba

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

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Impact du rythme de pesage sur l’évaluation génétique de performances de croissance des chevreaux de la population caprine locale

JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2021)

Ahlem Atoui M. J. Carabaño Mouldi Abdennebi Sghaier Najari

L’opération la plus importante dans un schéma d’amélioration génétique est le contrôle des performances qui doit être simple, fiable et peu coûteux. L’étude vise à simuler les méthodes alternatives de simplification de l'enregistrement des poids à âge type pour calculer les gains moyens quotidiens (GMQ) des chevreaux locaux et évaluer l'impact de leur utilisation d'un point de vue génétique pour établir la base d’une amélioration future. Un total de 945 chevreaux (531 mâles et 414 femelles), issus de 19 boucs et 285 chèvres, nés entre 1998 et 2014, ont été utilisé dans cette étude. Les paramètres génétiques ont été estimés pour cinq phénotypes : GMQ (1 -30), GMQ (30-60), GMQ (60-90), GMQ (90-120), GMQ (120-150). L’âge de la mère à la mise bas, l’année et mois de naissance et le sexe du chevreau ont été inclus en tant que facteurs fixes, dans le modèle mixte. La simplification à une et deux semaines a conduit à des héritabilités directes et maternelles pour les différents gains moyens quotidiens, similaires à celles obtenues par l'enregistrement de croissance standard. Une réduction du nombre de contrôles à une et deux semaines pourrait donc être adoptée.

10.56027/joasd.092021

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Disentangling Genetic Variation for Resistance and Endurance to Scuticociliatosis in Turbot Using Pedigree and Genomic Information

Frontiers in Genetics (2019)

María Saura M. J. Carabaño Almudena Fernández Santiago Cabaleiro Andrea Doeschl‐Wilson

Selective breeding for improving host responses to infectious pathogens is a promising option for disease control. In fact, disease resilience, the ability of a host to survive or cope with infectious challenge, has become a highly desirable breeding goal. However, resilience is a complex trait composed of two different host defence mechanisms, namely resistance (the ability of a host to avoid becoming infected or diseased) and endurance (the ability of an infected host to survive the infection). While both could be targeted for genetic improvement, it is currently unknown how they contribute to survival, as reliable estimates of genetic parameters for both traits obtained simultaneously are scarce. A difficulty lies in obtaining endurance phenotypes for genetic analyses. In this study, we present the results from an innovative challenge test carried out in turbot whose design allowed disentangling the genetic basis of resistance and endurance to Philasterides dicentrarchi, a parasite causing scuticociliatosis that leads to substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry. A noticeable characteristic of the parasite is that it causes visual signs that can be used for disentangling resistance and endurance. Our results showed the existence of genetic variation for both traits (heritability = 0.26 and 0.12 for resistance and endurance, respectively) and for the composite trait resilience (heritability = 0.15). The genetic correlation between resistance and resilience was very high (0.90) indicating that both are at a large extent the same trait, but no significant genetic correlation was found between resistance and endurance. A total of 18,125 SNPs obtained from 2b-RAD sequencing enabled genome-wide association analyses for detecting QTLs controlling the three traits. A candidate QTL region on linkage group 19 that explains 33% of the additive genetic variance was identified for resilience. The region contains relevant genes related to immune response and defence mechanisms. Although no significant associations were found for resistance, the pattern of association was the same as for resilience. For endurance, one significant association was found on linkage group 2. The accuracy of genomic breeding values was also explored for resilience, showing that it increased by 12% when compared with the accuracy of pedigree-based breeding values. To our knowledge, this is the first study in turbot disentangling the genetic basis of resistance and endurance to scuticociliatosis.

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Genetic architecture

Genetic correlation

10.3389/fgene.2019.00539

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Time trends, environmental factors and genetic basis of semen traits collected in Holstein bulls under commercial conditions

Animal Reproduction Science (2011)

Sofiene Karoui Clara Díaz M. Serrano R.I. Cue Idoia Celorrio

10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.02.008

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Poids des chevreaux de la population locale Sud tunisienne dans des conditions d’aridité : impacts lors des procédures de sélection

Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux (2021)

Ahlem Atoui M. J. Carabaño Moldi Abdennebi Sghaier Najari

La nature et la distribution des phénotypes quantitatifs représentent une connaissance de base pour l’application des méthodologies génétiques dans les plans de sélection des animaux domestiques. Afin d’illustrer l’action de facteurs non génétiques d’aridité sur la distribution phénotypique des performances individuelles de la croissance des chevreaux de la population locale élevés dans des conditions restrictives et irrégulières, 945 chevreaux issus de 285 chèvres et 19 boucs, nés durant la période 1998–2014, ont été étudiés par l’analyse des distributions des poids jusqu’à 150 jours d’âge. La dispersion des poids représentait une expression collective des génotypes des chevreaux dans les conditions de l’étude avec des variations dues à la fois aux effets génétiques et environnementaux. L’hypothèse de la normalité n’a été vérifiée qu’aux âges de 10 jours et 30 jours quand les chevreaux étaient surtout nourris sous la mère et n’étaient pas directement dépendants des ressources alimentaires du parcours aride. Durant une année défavorable, les performances enregistrées ont suivi une distribution particulière expliquée par le fait que les chevreaux performants ont été incapables d’extérioriser leur supériorité. Par conséquent, le milieu aride a réduit les performances de la population caprine locale. En outre, il a limité l’expression de quelques génotypes fortement productifs. Cette spécificité de l’action du milieu aride incite à un approfondissement indispensable pour ajuster les méthodes de sélection aux conditions des milieux restrictifs et des groupes génétiques adaptés.

10.19182/remvt.36375

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Serving several species with animal models.

M. J. Carabaño R. Alenda

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Modèles alternatifs d’évaluation génétique des caractères reproductifs de la population caprine locale dans les conditions d’aride

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (2022)

Ahlem Atoui M. J. Carabaño Abdennebi MOLDI Sghaier Najari

The success of small ruminant breeding programs depends on appropriate models for genetic evaluation of breeding animals on traits showing a genetic association between different reproductive phenotypes. The objective of this study is to determine the environmental and genetic components that synthesize the reproductive performance of local goats in arid conditions, in order to make the foundations for future genetic improvement of this population. Two reproductif traits were studied : the interval between kidding and the litter size at birth. Three models were used for each case, univariate and bivariate analyzes, which differ in random effects included in the model, only the additive genetic effects, only the permanent environmental effects, or both effects simultaneously. The obtained results suggest that the Bi-variate model including only the permanent environmental effects of the goat is the most adequate to model the reproductive performance of local goat. Direct genetic variances are mainly higher using the uni-variate model than the Bivariate model. The environmental variance estimates obtained are the same for both models. The heritabilities recorded from the uni-variate model are slightly lower than the estimates from the Bi-variate model. It seems imperative to consider in animal model, all the genetic and environmental effects, that intervene on the determinism of reproductif traits. Keywords: local goat, improvement, evaluation, uni-variate model, Bi-variate model, reproduction

Univariate

genetic model

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Eigenvector index for two female fertility traits based in random regression coefficients matrix in Holstein cows

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research (2018)

Heydar Ghiasi M. J. Carabaño

A total of 71,518 days open (DO) and number of services per conception (NSC) records of 28,523 Iranian Holstein cows were analysed by random regression model. Akaike’s information criterion and likelihood ratio test suggested that a model with quadratic Legendre polynomials for additive genetic and permanent environmental was best. Heritability in different parities ranged from 0.103 to 0.045 in first parity and 0.054 to 0.030 in sixth parity for DO and NSC, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations between parities decreased continuously with increasing distance between parities for both DO and NSC. The first eigenfunction explained 89.99% and 97.22 % of the total genetic variance of DO and NSC, while the second eigenfunction accounted 6.24% and 3.18%, respectively. Different selection indices were constructed for DO and NSC. Genetic response to improve overall fertility was greater when the index included the first eigenvector than the response obtained from indices excluding it. Similar genetic gains were obtained from the first eigenvector, which had a nearly flat associated eigenfunction along lactations and from selection by the intercept of the random regression. The first eigenvector indices were responsible of changes in the level of DO and NSC in a similar manner for all parities, without altering the shape of the response curve across parities. The second and third eigenvector indices modified the shape of this curve but the improvement in genetic gains by including them in the selection index were small (DO) or negligible (NSC) due to the small amount of variability associated with these components.

Akaike information criterion

Parity (physics)

Eigenfunction

10.5424/sjar/2018161-12396

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The challenge of genetic selection for heat tolerance: the dairy cattle example

Advances in Animal Biosciences (2016)

M. J. Carabaño

Texel

Corriedale

Heat index