An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
This report describes the Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative coupling of difluorobenzyl glutarimides with (hetero)aryl boronate esters to yield difluorobenzyl-substituted (hetero)arene products. The use of PAd2Bu as the phosphine ligand in combination with neopentylboronate ester nucleophiles proved critical for the selective formation of the decarbonylative coupling product versus analogous difluorobenzyl ketone. This transformation is effective for electronically diverse (hetero)aryl boronate esters and substituted difluorobenzyl glutarimides.
This report describes the development of a nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative reaction for the synthesis of fluoroalkyl thioethers (RFSR) from the corresponding thioesters. Readily available, inexpensive, and stable fluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (RFCO2H) serve as the fluoroalkyl (RF) source in this transformation. Stoichiometric organometallic studies reveal that RF–S bond-forming reductive elimination is a challenging step in the catalytic cycle. This led to the identification of diphenylphosphinoferrocene as the optimal ligand for this transformation. Ultimately, this method was applied to the construction of diverse fluoroalkyl thioethers (RFSR), with R = both aryl and alkyl.
The reaction of carboxylic acid derivatives with amines to form amide bonds has been the most widely used transformation in organic synthesis over the past century. Its utility is driven by the broad availability of the starting materials as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic driving force for amide bond formation. As such, the invention of new reactions between carboxylic acid derivatives and amines that strategically deviate from amide bond formation remains both a challenge and an opportunity for synthetic chemists. This report describes the development of a nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative reaction that couples (hetero)aromatic esters with a broad scope of amines to form (hetero)aryl amine products. The successful realization of this transformation was predicated on strategic design of the cross-coupling partners (phenol esters and silyl amines) to preclude conventional reactivity that forms inert amide byproducts.
The reaction of carboxylic
acid derivatives with amines to form
amide bonds has been the most widely used transformation in organic
synthesis over the past century. Its utility is driven by the broad
availability of the starting materials as well as the kinetic and
thermodynamic driving force for amide bond formation. As such, the
invention of new reactions between carboxylic acid derivatives and
amines that strategically deviate from amide bond formation remains
both a challenge and an opportunity for synthetic chemists. This report
describes the development of a nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative reaction
that couples (hetero)aromatic esters with a broad scope of amines
to form (hetero)aryl amine products. The successful realization of
this transformation was predicated on strategic design of the cross-coupling
partners (phenol esters and silyl amines) to preclude conventional
reactivity that forms inert amide byproducts.
This Article describes the development of a decarbonylative Pd-catalyzed aryl–fluoroalkyl bond-forming reaction that couples fluoroalkylcarboxylic acid-derived electrophiles [RFC(O)X] with aryl organometallics (Ar–M′). This reaction was optimized by interrogating the individual steps of the catalytic cycle (oxidative addition, carbonyl de-insertion, transmetalation, and reductive elimination) to identify a compatible pair of coupling partners and an appropriate Pd catalyst. These stoichiometric organometallic studies revealed several critical elements for reaction design. First, uncatalyzed background reactions between RFC(O)X and Ar–M′ can be avoided by using M′ = boronate ester. Second, carbonyl de-insertion and Ar–RF reductive elimination are the two slowest steps of the catalytic cycle when RF = CF3. Both steps are dramatically accelerated upon changing to RF = CHF2. Computational studies reveal that a favorable F2C–H---X interaction contributes to accelerating carbonyl de-insertion in this system. Finally, transmetalation is slow with X = difluoroacetate but fast with X = F. Ultimately, these studies enabled the development of an (SPhos)Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative difluoromethylation of aryl neopentylglycol boronate esters with difluoroacetyl fluoride.