Einleitung: In der Ösophaguschirurgie konkurrieren total minimal-invasive Techniken mit Hybrid- und Roboter-assistierten Verfahren. Der Nutzen der einzelnen Techniken für den Patienten ist bisher unzureichend belegt.
Die Hindgut-Theorie Theorie besagt, dass eine veränderte Stimulation des distalen Dünndarms eine wichtige Rolle in der Verbesserung von Diabetes mellitus nach bariatrischen Operationen spielt. In dieser Studie verwenden wir zwei Strategien, den distalen Dünndarm auszuschalten, um seine Wirkung auf Diabetes mellitus zu analysieren.
Background/Aim. In classical Hodgkin?s lymphoma (cHL) the existing prognostic scoring systems do not include markers that adequately reflect the interaction of malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells and tumor environment. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and soluble CD163 (sCD163) and the clinical status of patients with cHL, with special emphasis on the presence of relapse, progression, or resistance to the therapy applied. Methods. The research included 79 patients of whom 63 were patients with cHL, and the control group of 16 healthy volunteers. The study group of 63 patients with cHL included a subgroup of newly diagnosed patients without therapy, newly diagnosed patients with therapy, patients with relapse and progression of the disease and primary refractory patients during 2014 and 2015. Results. Analysis of the levels of sCD163 and Gal-1 within a group of patients suffering from cHL showed that the values of both molecules were higher in relapsed patients and the subgroup with progressive disease comparing to the subgroup of newly diagnosed patients without therapy or patients with therapy onset. Conclusion. Determination of Gal-1 and sCD163 levels is simple and reliable analysis that can contribute to the identification of high-risk patients with cHL and deserves inclusion in current prognostic scoring systems.
Chylothorax is a rare complication after thoracic trauma or surgery, especially oesophagectomy, which, if left untreated, can be potentially life-threatening.This article provides an overview of the existing literature on the prevention and surgical therapy of chylothorax.The risk of chyle leakage after oesophagectomy increases with the difficulty of mediastinal dissection and is reported to be around 3% for oesophagectomy. With this risk, there is the possibility of a prophylactic intraoperative ligature of the thoracic duct, either as a selective or mass ligation. Meta-analyses confirm the effectiveness of this measure, with a reduction in the risk to less than 1%. In the case of postoperative chylothorax, a conservative therapeutic trial may be undertaken with drainage of up to 1000 ml per day for up to one week. If there is any indication of persistent leakage, rapid surgical reintervention appears appropriate. This can be either transthoracic or transhiatal as a selective or mass ligation and has a probability of success of over 90%.The prophylactic primary or therapeutic secondary ligature of the thoracic duct is an effective surgical preventive measure and therapy of postoperative chyle leakage.Der Chylothorax ist eine seltene Komplikation nach Thoraxtrauma oder chirurgischen Eingriffen, insbesondere der Ösophagusresektion, die unbehandelt in ein potenziell lebensbedrohliches Krankheitsbild übergeht.Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die bestehende Literatur zur Prävention und chirurgischen Therapie des Chylothorax.Das Risiko für eine Chylusleckage steigt mit der Schwierigkeit der mediastinalen Präparation. Es ist mit etwa 3% am höchsten bei radikalen Ösophagusresektionen und kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen bei Kindern. Bei diesem Risiko besteht die Möglichkeit einer prophylaktischen intraoperativen Ligatur des Ductus thoracicus entweder als selektive Ligatur oder als Massenligatur. Metaanalysen bestätigen die Effektivität dieser Maßnahme mit einer Senkung des Risikos bis auf unter 1% bei der Ösophagusresektion. Bei Vorliegen eines postoperativen Chylothorax kann ein konservativer Therapieversuch bei Drainagenfördermenge bis zu 1000 ml täglich unternommen werden. Bei Anzeichen für eine persistierende Leckage scheint eine zügige chirurgische Re-Intervention angezeigt. Diese kann entweder transthorakal oder transhiatal als selektive Ligatur oder Massenligatur erfolgen und hat eine Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit von über 90%.Die prophylaktische primäre oder therapeutische sekundäre Ligatur des Ductus thoracicus ist ein effektives Mittel zur Prävention und Therapie einer postoperativen Chylusleckage.
In order to asses the predictive capacity of various prognostic models in patients with Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma-Unspecified (PTCL-U), we retrospectively analyzed 36 cases fulfilling the criteria defined by the WHO classification. All patients were diagnosed and treated at The Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center in Nis, from January 1991 until December 2003 with median follow up of 50 months. During the first 24 months of follow up 80.55 % of the patients, with 28.5% of cumulative probability survived during the period of 5 years. The factors significantly associated with reduced survival in multivariate analysis were: performance status (p=0.014), elevated LDH (p=0.0383), elevated sedimentation rate (ESR) (p=0.045) and complete response vs. no response vs. partial response to therapy (p=0.00395). Univariate analysis showed that age over 60 (p=0.042) adversely influenced survival. International prognostic index (IPI) was able to identify subsets of patients with different prognosis (p=0,047). Prognostic model designed especially for PTCL-U called PIT was able to identify the risk group patients (Log Rank p= 0.041350), while simplified two-class PIT proved to be superior over the simplified two class IPI. (Log Rank p=0.010973 versus p=0.041350). ILI prognostic model, designed for indolent lymphoma (Inter Gruppo Italiano Lymphoma), is not useful in aggressive lymphomas like PTCL-U. (Log Rank p=0.4). In conclusion, a new therapeutic strategy should be explored for high risk groups of patients identified in PIT model due to their dismal prognosis and a very low 5 year survival.
Hypothesis: The indications for surgical resection and the operation chosen in chronic pancreatitis (CP) may vary in Europe vs. America. Methods: We compared the morphology and circumstances that precipitated surgical therapy in either a German or US centre for pancreatic surgery. Retrospective analysis compared the serum biochemical values, morphological parameters, and clinical indications in 93 consecutive patients. CT scans were evaluated for the AP diameter of the pancreatic head, pancreatic duct dilation, and obstruction of the bile duct or duodenum. Symptoms were categorized as objective gastric outlet obstruction, obstructive jaundice, and haemorrhage versus subjective chronic pain. Differences were evaluated by Chi square, Wilcoxon and Fisher's exact tests. Results: 48 consecutive patients were studied from the German and 45 from the US centre. The prevalence of diabetes, exocrine insufficiency and chronic pain were not significantly different. The average maximal AP diameter of the pancreatic head mass was significantly greater in the German group (4.81 vs. 1.69 cm; p < 0.001). Symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction (9/48 vs. 1/45; p = 0.016) and haemorrhage (7/48 vs. 0/45; p = 0.013) significantly correlated with the larger size pancreatic head ("mass") in the German group. Bile duct stenosis (8/47 vs. 12/43, p = 0.31) and suspicion of malignancy (5/47 vs. 11/43; p = 0.097) were comparable, but intractable chronic pain (14/47 vs. 29/43; p = 0.001) was the most frequent principal indication in the US. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in most US cases (37/45), whereas in Germany the Frey or Beger duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection was preferred in 24/41 cases. Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (Puestow procedure) was chosen infrequently in both centres. Conclusion: The patient populations and indications for surgical treatment differed greatly between a German and a US pancreatic surgery centre. In the German patients complications of advanced CP were more prevalent, whereas chronic pain and the suspicion of malignancy were the dominant reasons for resection in the US. The morphologic and functional disparities contribute to differences in the choice of surgical technique and may reflect intrinsic differences in the patient populations or the pathogenesis of CP in the two countries.