Summary
In 683 chickens divided into groups according to age, the values of cholesterol and phospholipids were determined in the first month of the postincubation ontogenesis, and in 519 chickens the values of the total esterified fatty acids were determined. Cholesterol was determined photometrically with ferric sulphate, phospholipids with ammonium molybdate and amino-aphto sulphonic acid, and total esterified fatty acids after conversion with hydroxylamine and hydroxamic acid.
In the first 5 days after hatching higher values of cholesterol (500–670 mg.%), of esterified fatty acids (450–620 mg.%), and of phospholipids (350–377 mg.%) were found. These values did not decrease until the 7th day and became stabilized at 150–207 mg.% for cholesterol, 200–300 mg.% for total esterified fatty acids, and 145–225 mg.% for phospholipids.
The rise in lipids in the first 5 days of life in the serum of chickens is caused by their transport from the yolk sac via the ductus vitellinus to the intestine, from where they are resorbed and cause the bright-yellow coloration of the liver of chickens at an age of from 5 to 7 days.
Zusammenfassung
Der Gehalt an Cholesterol, Phospholipiden und Fettsaureestern im Blut von WL-Kuken wahrend des ersten Lebensmonates
683 Kuken wurden nach dem Schlupf in 13 Altersgruppen (1–42 Tage) unterteilt. Bei den verschiedenen Gruppen wurden im Blutserum der Cholesterol-, Phospholipid- und Fettsaureestergehalt bestimmt. Der Cholesterolgehalt wurde photometrisch mit Eisen (III)-sulfat, der Gehalt an Phospholipiden mit Ammoniummolybdat und Aminoaphto-Sulfonsaure und derjenige der Fettsaureestern nach deren Konversion mit Hydroxylamin und Hydrox-aminsaure bestimmt.
In den ersten 5 Tagen nach dem Schlupfen wurden hohere Werte an Cholesterol (500–670 mg%), Fettsaureestern (450–620 mg%) und Phospholipiden (350–577 mg%) gefunden. Bis zum 7. Tag verminderten sich diese Werte nicht, spater blieben die Gehalte bei folgenden Werten stabil: Cholesterol 150–207 mg%, Fettsaureester 200–300 mg%, Phospholipide 145 bis 225 mg%.
Die erhohten Lipidwerte im Serum wahrend der ersten 5 Lebenstage sind auf den Transport der Lipide vom Dottersack durch den Ductus vitellinus (Ductus omphaloentericus) zum Darm zuruckzufuhren. Im Darm werden die Lipide resorbiert und verursachen die hellgelbe Farbe der Leber bei Kuken im Alter zwischen 5 und 7 Tagen.
Resume
La teneur en cholesterol, phospholipides et esters d'acides gras du sang de poussins WL pendant les premiers mois de la vie
On repartit 683 poussins en 13 categories d'âge, de l'eclosion au 42eme jour. On determine dans ces categories la teneur en cholesterol, phospholipides et esters d'acides gras du serum sanguin. La determination du cholesterol se fait par photometrie a l'aide du sulfate de fer (III), celle des phospholipides a l'aide du molybdate d'ammonium et d'acide aminonaphtol-sulfonique et celle des esters d'acides gras, apres leur conversion, a l'aide d'hydroxylamine et d'acide hydroxamique.
Les 5 premiers jours apres l'eclosion, on trouve des valeurs elevees en cholesterol (500–670 mg%), en esters d'acides gras (450–620 mg%) et en phospholipides (350–377 mg%). Ces valeurs demeurent inchangees jusqu'au 7eme jour; plus tard, elles se stabilisent a 150–207 mg% de cholesterol, 200–300 mg% d'esters d'acides gras et 145–225 mg% de phospholipides.
Les valeurs elevees en lipides seriques pendant les 5 premiers jours de la vie peuvent etre attribuees au transport des lipides du sac vitellin jusqu'a l'intestin par le canal vitellin (Ductus omphaloentericus). Les lipides sont resorbes dans l'intestin et sont cause de la couleur jaune clair du foie des poussins âges de 5 a 7 jours.
Resumen
Los valores de colesterol, fosfolipidos y acidos grasos esterificados en la sangre de pollitos Leghorn blancos durante el primer mes de vida
683 pollitos se subdividieron tras la eclosion en 13 grupos de acuerdo con la edad (1–42 dias). En los distintos grupos se valoraron en el suero sanguineo los contenidos en colesterol, fosfolipidos y acidos grasos esterificados. El contenido en colesterol se valoro con la tecnica fotometrica a base de sulfato ferrico (III), el contenido en fosfolipidos con molibdato amonico y acido amino-afto-sulfonico, y el correspondiente a los acidos grasos esterificados tras su conversion con hidroxilamina y acido hidroxamico.
En los 5 primeros dias tras la eclosion se hallaron valores superiores en colesterol (500–670 mg.%), acidos grasos esterificados (450–620 mg.%) y fosfolipidos (350–577 mg.%). Hasta el 7° dia no disminuian estos valores, permaneciendo los contenidos mas adelante estables con los valores siguientes: colesterol 150–207 mg.%, acidos grasos esterificados totales 200–300 mg.%, fosfolipidos 145–225 mg.%.
Los valores aumentados de los lipidos en el suero sanguineo durante los 5 primeros dias de vida se atribuyen al transporte de los lipidos desde el saco vitelino a traves del conducto vitelino u onfaloenterico al intestino. En el intestino se resorben los lipidos y ocasionan la coloracion amarillo-clara del higado en los pollos que tienen una edad comprendida entre los 5 y 7 dias.
Common MALDI TOF MS instrumentation can be used to analyze gold
species ionized in plasma by laser from GNP synthesized by
chemical procedures. Gold is forming in plasma positively and
negatively single charged clusters Aum + or Aum - which are
also reacting with the other ions and mixed AumNan, AuCa, AuK,
etc. clusters were also observed. The formation of gold
hydrides, such as AuH, Au3H, and hydroxide AuOH and peroxides
Au- HOOH, were also observed here for the first time. When GNP
were used as a matrix for ionization of nanodiamonds,
carbon-gold mixed clusters which includes C18Au, CAu2Na and
C2Au2Na, and others were detected.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Phosphorus clusters P-n (n = 1-89) are easily formed from red
phosphorus by laser desorption ionization (LDI) and they cover
a range of up to approx. m/z 3000 in both positive and negative
ion mode. The clusters are singly charged and the spectra are
simple because phosphorus is monoisotopic. The mass spectra can
be measured with an acceptable resolution and intensity. The
use of positively charged P-n clusters for calibration in mass
spectrometry was examined and it was demonstrated that in
external calibration a standard deviation of +/-0.04 m/z units
can be achieved even when using a common commercial
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight
(MALDI-TOF) instrument. When used as internal standards the P-n
clusters react with some analytes - C-60 and C-70 fullerenes
and cucurbituril[8], for example. It was also found that red
phosphorus is a suitable MALDI matrix for peptides and
proteins, illustrated by the examples of a Calmix mixture of
bradykinin, angiotensin, renin, adrenocorticotropic hormone
ACTH fragment 18-359 and insulin, and of insulin alone.
Silicon-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC-Si) was prepared by
plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique
from a mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and oxygen using
dual frequenci capacitive discharge. Time of flight mass
spectrometer equipped with nitrogen laser (337 nm) was used to
charakterize its structure via laser ablation. Stoichometry of
positively or negatively charged species was confirmed via
isotopic pattern simulation. DLC-Si material shows typical
spectral patterns similar to those diamond-like carbon. In
addition, chemical bound of Si-C in this material was proved
and many positively or negatively charged O(m)Si(n)C(o)H(p)
species were identified in plasma plume.