Ramzy M. A. Al‐Amery

Yemeni Jordanian University

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Adel Al‐Gheethi

Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia

A. N. Efaq

Taiz University

Norli Ismail

University of Technology Malaysia

M. O. Abdul-Monem

Benha University

Dr.M.Lakshmi Bala

Yemeni Jordanian University

A. H. S. AL-Zubeiry

King Fahad Specialist Hospital

A. M. Shamar

Taiz University

Jeremiah David Bala

Federal University of Technology Minna

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Universiti Sains Malaysia

Yemeni Jordanian University

Taiz University

Management and Science University

Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia

University of Technology Malaysia

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Benha University

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Solar disinfection and lime stabilization processes for reduction of pathogenic bacteria in sewage effluents and biosolids for agricultural purposes in Yemen

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination (2015)

Adel Al‐Gheethi Norli Ismail A. N. Efaq Jeremiah David Bala Ramzy M. A. Al‐Amery

Yemen is the least advanced country among Middle Eastern countries in sewage reuse and safety control. The current sewage effluent quality in Yemen is generally poor as none of the existing sewage treatment plants produces effluents that comply with the effluent quality regulations. There is no plan to build tertiary treatment systems. However, the oxidation and stabilization ponds are considered most appropriate for the warm climate conditions in the country. Sewage effluents and biosolids generated from these ponds are used extensively for agricultural purposes. This review discusses the potential use of solar disinfection (SODIS) and lime treatment for the reduction of pathogens in sewage effluents and biosolids before reuse. SODIS and lime treatment are natural processes, simple, easily implemented, produce non-toxic by-products and are low cost. The merits of these processes are enormous, and they are suitable for application in developing countries such as Yemen.

Biosolids

Sewage sludge

10.2166/wrd.2015.074

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Citations (14)

ChemInform Abstract: Solar Disinfection and Lime Stabilization Processes for Reduction of Pathogenic Bacteria in Sewage Effluents and Biosolids for Agricultural Purposes in Yemen

ChemInform (2016)

Adel Al‐Gheethi Norli Ismail A. N. Efaq Dr.M.Lakshmi Bala Ramzy M. A. Al‐Amery

Abstract Review: 95 refs.

Biosolids

Pathogenic bacteria

Sewage sludge

Disinfectant

10.1002/chin.201635219

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Effectiveness of selected wastewater treatment plants in Yemen for reduction of faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in secondary effluents and sludge

Water Practice & Technology (2014)

Adel Al‐Gheethi M. O. Abdul-Monem A. H. S. AL-Zubeiry A. N. Efaq A. M. Shamar

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Yemen for reduction of faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in the secondary effluents and sludge. Hundred sixty bacterial isolates were obtained from 27 secondary effluents and sludge samples generated from Ibb wastewater treatment plant (IWWTP), Taiz wastewater treatment plant (TWWTP), Aden wastewater treatment plant (AWWTP1 and 2) and Sana'a wastewater treatment plant (SWWTP) in Republic of Yemen. Isolation of the bacteria was carried out by the direct plate method on the several selective media. The concentrations of faecal coliforms (FCs) were more than that recommended by World Health Organisation guidelines in all secondary effluents samples expect for those collected from TWWTP. FCs in the sludge from IWWTP and SWWTP were more than the standards limits recommended by United State Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) Class B, while sludge from AWWTP and TWWTP meet U. S. EPA standards limits Class A and class B, respectively. Among 160 bacterial isolates, E. coli was the most common (detected in 88.88% of the samples), followed by Streptococcus faecalis (70.37%), Klebsiella pneumonia (66.67%), Enterobacter aerogenes (59.23%), Salmonella typhi (33.33%), S. typhimurium and Shigella sonni (25.93% for each) and Yersinia pestis (22.22%). The sludge samples collected from IWWTP and TWWTP and stored for 24 weeks at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) met the standards limits recommended by U.S. EPA, Class A.

Klebsiella pneumonia

Enterobacter aerogenes

10.2166/wpt.2014.031

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Citations (18)