The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), a crucial half-reaction in the water-splitting process, is hindered by slow kinetics, necessitating efficient electrocatalysts to lower overpotential and enhance energy conversion efficiency. Transition-metal electrode materials, renowned for their robustness and effectiveness, have risen to prominence as primary contenders in the field of energy conversion and storage research. In this investigation, we delve into the capabilities of transition metals when employed as catalysts for the HER. Furthermore, we turn our attention to carbon nanomaterials like graphene, which have exhibited tremendous potential as top-performing electrocatalysts. Nevertheless, advancements are indispensable to expand their utility and versatility. One such enhancement involves the integration of phosphorus-doped graphene. Our research focuses on the synthesis of CuS-NiTe
It is commonly believed that polymers are electrical insulators. However, the emergence of conducting polymers has challenged this traditional belief, and these materials have earned significant attention in recent years. The collaborative discovery of conductive polymers by Alan J. Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa won them the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000. As conjugated carbon chains, conducting polymers are formed by the highly populated delocalized electronic system that is generated by π bonds in their structure. The optical and electrical behavior of conducting polymers are typically similar to that of semiconductors; however, conjugated polymers, unlike semiconductors, are not solids with atomic structure and are preferably shaped as an amorphous polymeric configuration. Therefore, processes, such as charge transfer in conducting polymers, can be entirely unrelated to semiconductors depending on the nature of the materials. A range of mechanisms can be active depending on the material processing. Conducting polymers have numerous promising applications in different analytical chemistry branches, including electrochemistry, spectroscopy, separation, and mass spectroscopy. Common conducting polymers include polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(para-phenylene), polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyacetylene, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), and polyfuran have been used widely. In this chapter, the history and application of conducting polymers in electrochemistry will be briefly discussed.
Abstract The design of bimetallic tellurides that exhibit excellent electrochemical properties remains a huge challenge for high-performance supercapacitors. In the present study, tellurium is consolidated on CoNi 2 @rGO for the first time, to synthesize NiTe 2 -Co 2 Te 2 @rGO nanocomposite by using a facile hydrothermal method. As-prepared NiTe 2 -Co 2 Te 2 @rGO nanocomposite was characterized by EDS, TEM, FESEM, Raman, BET, XRD, and XPS techniques to prove the structural transformation. Upon the electrochemical characterization, NiTe 2 -Co 2 Te 2 @rGO has notably presented numerous active sites and enhanced contact sites with the electrolyte solution during the faradic reaction. The as-prepared nanocomposite reveals a specific capacity of 223.6 mAh g −1 in 1.0 M KOH at 1.0 A g -1 . Besides, it could retain 89.3% stability after 3000 consecutive galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles at 1.0 A g −1 current density. The hybrid supercapacitor, fabricated by activated carbon as an anode site, and NiTe 2 -Co 2 Te 2 @rGO as a cathode site, presents a potential window of 1.60 V with an energy density of 51 Wh kg −1 and a power density of 800 W kg −1 ; this electrode is capable of lighting up two red LED lamps and a yellow LED lamp for 20 min, which is connected in parallel. The present work opens new avenues to design and fabrication of nanocomposite electrode materials in the field of supercapacitors.
Conductive metal–organic frameworks (C-MOFs), also known as smart intrinsically porous extended materials, have attracted enormous attention in the research community. C-MOFs have attracted enormous attention from the research community due to their intrinsic conductivity, numerous active sites, and chemical and thermal stability, making them useful in a wide range of applications, including sensors. C-MOF-based sensors mainly fall into two categories: chemiresistive sensors and electrochemical sensors. This chapter describes C-MOFs, their synthesis procedure, and their use as active materials for developing and designing sensors.