This article distills from available data descriptions of typical human symptoms in reaction to prompt total-body ionizing radiation in the dose range 0.5 to 30 Gy midline body tissue. The symptoms are correlated with dose and time over the acute postexposure period of 6 wk. The purpose is to provide a symptomatology basis for assessing early functional impairment of individuals who may be involved in civil defense, emergency medical care and various military activities in the event of a nuclear attack. The dose range is divided into eight subranges associated with important pathophysiological events. For each subrange, signs and symptoms are designated including estimates of symptom onset, severity, duration and incidence.
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert W. Young; Erratum: Review of Akustik der Holzblasmistrumente in Einzeldarstellungen [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 41, 728 (1967)]. J Acoust Soc Am 1 February 1968; 43 (2): 384. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1910800 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A novel high-granularity, dual-readout calorimetric technique (ADRIANO2) is under development as part of the research program of T1604 Collaboration. (Talk Presented at the 19th International Conference on Calorimetry in Particle Physics (CALOR 2022), University of Sussex, Sussex, UK, 16–20 May 2022). The building block of such a calorimeter consists of a pair of optically isolated, small size tiles made of scintillating plastic and lead glass. The prompt Čerenkov light from the glass can be exploited to perform high resolution timing measurements, while the high granularity provides good resolution of the spatial components of the shower. Dual-readout compensation and particle flow techniques can be applied simultaneously to the scintillation and to the Čerenkov section, providing excellent energy resolution as well as PID particle identification. These characteristics make ADRIANO2 a 6-D detector, suited for High Energy as well as High Intensity experiments. A report on the status of the ADRIANO2 project, preliminary measurements of light yield, and current and future R&D plans by T1604 Collaboration are discussed.
Minimally invasive surgery has experienced a significant expansion in the last decades. Robotic surgery has evolved in parallel to traditional laparoscopic surgery offering additional technical advantages. Some specific aspect of Hepatobiliary Surgery led to a limited implementation of minimally invasive liver surgery in the early years of laparoscopic surgery whilst we are experiencing an exponential increase in the use of minimally invasive approaches to this type of intervention. In this chapter we describe the key aspect of robotic liver surgery with a meticulous description of the supporting evidence, its limitation and future perspectives.
The inharmonicity of plain wire strings in situ has been measured in six pianos of various styles and makes. By inharmonicity is meant the departure in frequency from the harmonic modes of vibration expected of an ideal flexible string. It is shown from the theory of stiff strings that the basic inharmonicity cents (hundredths of a semitone) is given by 3.4×1013n2d2/v02l4, where n is the mode number, d is the diameter of the wire in cm, l is the vibrating length in cm, and v0 is the fundamental frequency. A value of Q/ρ = 25.5 × 1010 (cm/sec)2 was assumed for the steel wire, where Q is Young's modulus and ρ is the density. The observations are entirely compatible with the relationship given. In general terms the inharmonicity of the plain steel strings is about the same in all the pianos tested, being about 1.2 cents for the second mode of vibration of the middle C string. Above this point every eight semitones it is doubled. Below middle C the inharmonicity is consistently less in large pianos than in small ones.
Abstract : Fourteen unfettered primates (Macaca mulatta) were trained to perform a discriminated avoidance task and were exposed to a 2000-rad (midline tissue dose) pulse of gamma-neutron radiation. For the monkeys of this study, the time of onset and duration of the initial performance decrement, including early transient incapacitation, was similar to that previously observed with restrained monkeys. However, average recovery following the initial decrement was less complete for unrestrained animals. On the basis of performance during the first 2 hours postirradiation, unrestrained primates exposed to 2000 rads can be functionally separated into three roughly equal groups: (1) animals that continued to perform at or near base-line levels; (2) animals that recovered to near base-line levels following periods of behavioral decrement, incapacitation, or non-performance; and (3) animals that became incapacitated in the first 10 minutes and generally did not recover before death. (Author)
A building code has been formulated to describe various constructions to cause a specified noise-level reduction in a given noise zone in the city of San Diego. Noise-level reduction means reduction in average A-weighted sound level from outside to inside a building. The average noise level is that called the annual community noise equivalent level according to now effective “Noise Regulations for California Airports”; this average is a mean-square A-weighted sound-pressure level obtained with the noise levels existing between 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. increased by five decibels and the noise levels between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. increased by 10 decibels. A noise zone is an area of the city bounded by contours of annual community noise equivalent level, at intervals of five decibels. Noise-level reduction is required by the code such as to limit to 45 decibels the average noise level inside a residential building due to outside noise of whatever source. For calculating noise-level reduction from room size and construction materials, a noise spectrum is specified that is typical of aircraft and other noise in one of the noise zones. If needed to verify compliance with the building code, a simple test of noise-level reduction is provided that can be performed with noise generally prevailing outside the building.
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