One of the most important facts in the livestock industry is the need to increase reproductive performance to improve profitability. In the case of water buffalo cows, a calving-to-con-ception interval maximum of 90 days is recommended; however, achieving this reproductive target could be challenging. This study evaluated how the moment water buffalo cows get pregnant (before or after 90 days postpartum) affects the lactation length, total milk yield, calving interval, milk yield per day of the calving interval, and dry period. In this study, day 90 is considered the maximum postpartum moment in which the buffaloes must become pregnant to reach a calving interval near 400 days, regarded as the maximum calving interval without a negative economic impact on farm profitability. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 3060 observations from 1459 water buffalo cows from three farms in a similar agroecological environment (Catatumbo and Jesus Maria Semprun counties, Zulia State, Venezuela). A linear mixed model of the mean of parity, lactation length, total milk yield, calving interval, milk yield per day of calving interval, milk yield per year, dry period, and calving interval was built with the postpartum moment of pregnancy (before or after 90 days) as a fixed effect. All analyses were performed in Stata 15.1, and comparisons were adjusted by Sidak’s method. Water buffalo cows getting pregnant after 90 days postpartum had lower parity (1.85 vs. 2.25, p<0.05), a more extended lactation period (321.77 days vs. 254.01 days, p<0.05), a total milk yield of 18.09% higher (1452.91 kg vs. 1230.31 kg, p<0.05) and the calving interval was 149.43 days longer than those getting pregnant in the first 90 days post-partum (512.93 vs. 363 days, p<0.05). Both the milk yield per day of calving interval and the milk yield per year were higher in water buffaloes getting pregnant during the first 90 days postpartum (3.39 kg and 1237.5 kg vs. 2.9 kg and 1072.11 kg, respectively, p<0.05) and the dry period was shorter (108.98 vs. 191.16 days, p<0.05). In conclusion, water buffalo cows getting pregnant in the first 90 days postpartum had more milk yield per day of calving interval, more milk per year, and fewer non-productive days than those getting pregnant after 90 days postpartum. Adopt measurements to increase the reproductive performance of water buffalo cows and, in consequence, to maximize profitability must be a rule and not an exception.
The complement receptor gC1qR/p33, which recognizes the globular heads of C1q, is a multicompartmental and multifunctional protein and has been shown to play a role in reproduction in humans. The objective of this research was to determine the gC1qR distribution and expression on plasma membrane in bovine sperm before and after heparin treatment. Thus, capacitation of sperm derived from frozen-thawed bovine semen was induced through heparin incubation and its effectiveness was assessed with a CTC stain. Subsequently, indirect immunofluorescence assays were conducted with mAb (60.11, anti-gC1qR) to assess gC1qR distribution and expression. Data analysis demonstrated that gC1qR is expressed on the plasma membrane of bovine sperm. gC1qR showed a capacitation-related redistribution, migrating to the acrosome region: 175 sperm in heparin-incubated aliquots vs. 109 in control (P<0.05, n=300) showed fluorescence over the acrosome region. This distribution is similar to that reported in humans. Similarly, either gC1qR expression or its accessibility to antibodies increased after capacitation. This also correlates with what has been observed in humans. These results suggest that gC1qR could participate in primary sperm-oocyte interaction in bovines.
Resumen es: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la tasa de concepcion (TC), el numero de lechones nacidos/camada (LNT) y el numero de lechones nacidos vi...
The hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) has been used to asses the sperm membrane functional integrity in bulls. However, for human, goat and dog semen, the wat...
Progressive individual motility is the main parameter used to determine the reproductive potential of a buffalo bull. This information contributes to deciding to use and process or not the ejaculate obtained and therefore assume that the spermatozoa from the seminal sample could achieve pregnancy in inseminated buffaloes. The association of sperm motility to fertility and/or pregnancy rate (PR) has yielded controversial results. To contribute to knowledge in buffalo reproduction, an experiment was carried out where four sperm motility descriptors (VCL: curvilinear velocity, VSL: straight-line velocity, VAP: average path velocity, and LIN: linearity) were evaluated using a Computerized Semen Analysis System (Sperm Class Analyzer®, CASA System, Barcelona, Spain) in samples obtained from 8 frozen-thawed straws of 8 Mediterranean buffaloes. The PR data for each buffalo bull were obtained from 2 farms where the management and FTAI protocol employed was handled by the same professionals and straws of similar provenance and proper nitrogen thermos management were used. The PR data for each buffalo bull was confirmed by ultrasonography, organized in Excel® and analyzed with SAS®, associating VAP to PR, using a Chi-square analysis. To achieve the objective, the PR obtained was categorized from highest to the lowest value (A: PR>70%, B: PR>60≤70%, C: PR>50≤60%, D: PR>40≤50%), in addition to creating sperm subpopulations (Sp) based on the quality of sperm movement, for which it was decided to use the VAP, since it is a variable that integrates the VCL and the VSL and indirectly assumes the LIN, creating the following categories: Z= Sp with VAP value ≥ 80 mμ/s, Y: Sp with a VAP value ≥ 50 and < 80 mμ/s, X= Sp with a VAP ≥30 and < 50 mμ/s, W=Sp with a VAP ≥ 10 <30 mμ/s, V= VAP <10 mμ/s. The SAS® GLM procedure was used to assess the VAP velocity according to the fertility rate obtained. The results show that the buffalo bulls with high fertility (A and B) presented in their ejaculates sperm with the best VAP (Z: 14.6% and Y: 15.84%) and less quantity of immobile sperm (W: 7.14% and V: 1.63%) (P<0.01). In contrast, the buffalo bulls with lower fertility (C and D) had a considerable decrease in sperm with high velocity (Z: 4.84%) or immobile (6.24%) (p>0.01). There is an evident association between the average speed (VAP) provided by the CASA system and the PR in this species. This type of analysis provides the opportunity to quantify sperm movements and group them to generate more accurate sperm motility values, which allows the prediction of the fertility and/or PR in this species.
Resumen es: Con el proposito de determinar el efecto de la integridad de la cromatina sobre las dimensiones morfometricas (largo, ancho, area, perimetro, elipticidad...
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of season and parity on water buffalo calving distribution throughout the year in Venezuela. A retrospective study analyzing records of 3,192 crossbred (Murrah/Mediterranean) buffaloes including 7,790 calvings was carried out in Venezuela. Two seasons were evaluated according to the length of the photoperiod: September-February (short photoperiod; autumn-winter) and March-August (long photoperiod; spring-summer). Parity order was categorized in parity 1, parity 2, parity 3, and parity 4. Photoperiod was shorter between September and February in comparison with March-August (11.81 ± 0.08 h/day and 12.42±0.08 h/day, respectively, p < 0.05). Percentage of calving varied between the two seasons (p < 0.05), and 63.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 62.5%-64.9%) of calving occurred during the season of short photoperiod in comparison with that of the season of long photoperiod (36.3%, 95% CI: 35.1%-37.5%), and this effect was observed in all parities. The proportion of calvings during the short photoperiod season was greater as parity increased. The percentage of calving during the short photoperiod season was lower in primiparous water buffalo cows in comparison with that of multiparous water buffalo cows; conversely, the percentage of calving during the long photoperiod season was higher in primiparous water buffalo cows in comparison with that of multiparous water buffalo cows. Eight percent of water buffalo cows having their first calving in the long photoperiod season had the next calvings during this season. In conclusion, results confirm the seasonal reproductive behavior of water buffaloes with a concentration of calvings during the months with short photoperiod; this seasonality becomes stronger as parity increases; even though a small percentage of water buffalo cows has the ability of calving constantly during long photoperiod.
To evaluate the effect of supplementation in female calves with flour of Gliricidia sepium leaves (GS) on partial and final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) a study was undertaken in the “San Pedro Farm” located in Zulia State, in a tropical sub-humid forest environment of Venezuela. The data were analyzed by the least-square analysis of variance-covariance of The Statistical Analysis System, testing effects of treatment on 7 weaned Holstein crossbred female calves, 5 months old at initiation, and supplemented with a growing ration (2% of body weight): (a) supplementation with 100% of feed concentrate (TA) and (b) a mixture of 60% corn meal + 40% of dehydrated GS flour + 50 g./animal/day of complete mineral mixture (TR). The female calves supplemented with TA reached a higher BW (106.65 ± 2.51 kg.) and ADG (334.61 ± 42 g/d) than the female calves fed with TR (BW=96.06 ± 2.51 kg, ADG=157 ± 42 g/d). The apparent cause for these results was the cutting age (5 months old) of the plant used to make the ration and the lower feed intake in TR. It is important to cut the GS plant green and very young (between 6 and 12 weeks old) because it has the best rate of digestibility at this stage. It is suggested prepare a ration with a minor proportion (30%) of GS flour, adding edible molasses to improve the palatability.
Se utilizaron 24 cerdos Yorkshire-Landrace (22.76 kg de peso promedio) a objeto de evaluar el efecto de 2 probioticos comerciales sobre el crecimiento y caracteristicas de la canal. El analisis de varianza-covarianza por cuadrados minimos incluyo los efectos del sexo (hembras y machos castrados). tratamientos (LS=cultivos de Streptococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophillus y Sacharomyces cerevisae; ST=cultivo de Streptococcus faecium T = Testigo y la interaccion tratamiento x sexo. En el crecimiento de los cerdos, no se observo ninguna diferencia de peso vivo y ganancia diaria de peso atribuible a los tratamientos (P >.05). De la misma forma, no se detectaron efectos significativos de la interaccion tratamiento x sexo (P > .05). LS disminuyo el rendimiento en canal (P > .05). Los probioticos no afectaron el peso al sacrificio, peso de la canal fria, longitud de la canal, espesor de grasa dorsal, area del musculo Longissimus dorsi y grado de desarrollo muscular (P>.05). Las hembras pesaron menos en canal y exhibieron una capa mas delgada de grasa dorsal que los machos castrados (P E‚ .05). En el desposte al estilo americano no se detectaron efectos de los probioticos o sexo. El estudio de la interaccion tratamiento x sexo revelo efectos favorables sobre el peso y rendimientos porcentuales de las costillitas en los machos del grupo LS al compararlos con los machos del grupo T (P E‚ .05). Los resultados obtenidos no permiten recomendar el uso de los probioticos en esta fase del crecimiento animal. Se deben realizar estudios en granjas con problemas sanitarios.