To assess the effect of optic capture on the achieved refractive outcome after complicated cataract surgery with a sulcus-fixated intraocular lens (IOL).Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, United Kingdom.Single-unit, single-surgeon retrospective case-note review.The case notes were reviewed of patients who had vitrectomy for retained lens matter after phacoemulsification or phacoemulsification with posterior capsule rupture and sulcus fixation of a posterior chamber IOL by the same surgeon. Capsulorhexis capture was attempted in all patients.Fifty-eight eyes of 58 patients were included. The mean age was 74 years (range 47 to 99 years). Twenty-four patients (41%) had optic capture, and 34 patients (59%) had an IOL placed in the sulcus without optic capture. There was no statistically significant difference in age, axial length, or IOL power used between the groups. The mean refractive difference was +0.34 diopter (D) with optic capture and -0.40 D without optic capture (P=.0002).The mean refractive difference for a sulcus IOL with and without optic capture was 0.74 D, equating to an IOL power change of approximately 1.00 D. The refractive results were very similar to the surgeon's personal refractive outcomes using the same IOLs in the bag (mean error +0.28), suggesting that anterior capsulorhexis optic capture gives similar results to placing an IOL in the bag.Drs. Steel and Allen have received traveling expenses from Alcon Laboratories, Inc. to attend international meetings and have attended Alcon advisory board meetings. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Researchers have speculated about the impact of corruption and scandal on the adoption of lobbying regulations in the American states. This relationship is studied to determine how and to what degree these events affect lobbying policies adopted by states. An exploratory assessment of four policy dimensions (governed activities, standards, prohibited activities, and disclosure requirements) indicates that corruption and scandal do play a role. The relationship, however, is complex: high levels of corruption and scandal, moderated by other forces, make a difference. Low and moderate incidences of these events have no effect on policy adoption. Implications of these findings are discussed.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
We have studied the nature of the oxidative lesion of the erythrocyte membrane in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutants with chronic hemolysis, comparing these membranes with those from normal red cells (RBC) subjected to oxidative stress in vitro. Disulfide-linked polypeptide aggregates are found in membranes from fresh RBC of these G6PD mutants and from aerobically incubated normal erythrocytes. As further evidence of oxidative damage, increased disulfide bonds were found in the RBC membranes from both the mutants and incubated normal RBC. The intermolecular bonds which cross-link membrane polypeptides to form the observed aggregates, however, only accounted for a fraction of the membrane disulfide bonds present. Thus, most of the disulfide bonds in the G6PD mutants were intramolecular. These intramolecular disulfide bonds were widely distributed on the membrane polypeptides, but were found to be concentrated on cytoskeletal anchoring proteins, bands 2.1-2.3, using [14C] iodoacetamide labelling of the sulfhydryls involved in disulfide bonds. The intermolecular bonds, on the other hand, were concentrated in spectrin. When G6PD mutant membranes were examined on sucrose density gradients, a subpopulation of dense membranes was observed which resembled the membranes of oxidatively stressed normal RBC both in increased density and in increased binding of nonhemoglobin cytoplasmic protein. To study the relationship between sulfhydryl oxidation, membrane density and RBC viscosity the sulfhydryl oxidant diamide (diazine dicarboxylic acid bis-[dimethylamide]) was used. Diamide treated erythrocytes, like the G6PD mutants, had decreased GSH, increased polypeptide aggregates, increased viscosity, but no change in ATP. We conclude that in G6PD mutants with chronic hemolysis oxidative damage includes aggregate formation due to intermolecular disulfide bonds, and intramolecular disulfide bond formation associated with increased binding of non-hemoglobin cytoplasmic proteins to the membrane. The relative importance of intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide bond formation and the mechanism whereby these changes may produce decreased RBC deformability and survival remain to be determined.
We provide an overview of NIST efforts related to the development of optical medical imaging standards. Specifically, we introduce the planar NIST-certified standard reference material (SRM) appropriate for calibrating depth-resolving 3D optical systems such as optical coherent tomography. We also present the development of an optical measurement facility for the characterization of the optical properties of materials used in such standards such as an integrating sphere system for broadband measurements of the absorption coefficients and the reduced scattering coefficients of potential phantom materials. Lastly, we report on our progress toward the development of a realistic, validated 3D retinal eye phantom.
Enteroviruses (EV) can cause severe neurological and respiratory infections, and occasionally lead to devastating outbreaks as previously demonstrated with EV-A71 and EV-D68 in Europe. However, these infections are still often underdiagnosed and EV typing data is not currently collected at European level. In order to improve EV diagnostics, collate data on severe EV infections and monitor the circulation of EV types, we have established European non-polio enterovirus network (ENPEN). First task of this cross-border network has been to ensure prompt and adequate diagnosis of these infections in Europe, and hence we present recommendations for non-polio EV detection and typing based on the consensus view of this multidisciplinary team including experts from over 20 European countries. We recommend that respiratory and stool samples in addition to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples are submitted for EV testing from patients with suspected neurological infections. This is vital since viruses like EV-D68 are rarely detectable in CSF or stool samples. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the 5'noncoding regions (5'NCR) should be used for diagnosis of EVs due to their sensitivity, specificity and short turnaround time. Sequencing of the VP1 capsid protein gene is recommended for EV typing; EV typing cannot be based on the 5'NCR sequences due to frequent recombination events and should not rely on virus isolation. Effective and standardized laboratory diagnostics and characterisation of circulating virus strains are the first step towards effective and continuous surveillance activities, which in turn will be used to provide better estimation on EV disease burden.
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