E. Blanchardon

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire

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Didier Franck

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire

Dominique Laurier

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire

J. Wallis Marsh

West Virginia University

Estelle Davesne

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire

M. A. López

Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas

F. Paquet

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire

A. Giussani

Federal Office for Radiation Protection

C. Hurtgen

CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Fontenay-aux-roses

D. Noßke

Federal Office for Radiation Protection

C. M. Castellani

National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development

Cooperative Institutions

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire

130

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

Inserm

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Fontenay-aux-roses

CEA Cadarache

Université Paris-Saclay

Helmholtz Zentrum München

Federal Office for Radiation Protection

Université Paris Cité

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Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism Following a Chronic Ingestion of Cesium-137 Starting at Fetal Stage in Rats

Journal of Radiation Research (2010)

Radjini Racine Line Grandcolas E. Blanchardon P. Gourmelon G. Veyssière

The Chernobyl accident released many radionuclides in the environment. Some are still contaminating the ground and thus the people through dietary intake. The long-term sanitary consequences of this disaster are still unclear and several biological systems remain to be investigated. Cholesterol metabolism is of particular interest, with regard to the link established between atherosclerosis and exposure to high-dose ionizing radiations. This study assesses the effect of cesium-137 on cholesterol metabolism in rats, after a chronic exposure since fetal life. To achieve this, rat dams were contaminated with cesium-137-supplemented water from two weeks before mating until the weaning of the pups. Thereafter, the weaned rats were given direct access to the contaminated drinking water until the age of 9 months. After the sacrifice, cholesterol metabolism was investigated in the liver at gene expression and protein level. The cholesterolemia was preserved, as well as the cholesterol concentration in the liver. At molecular level, the gene expressions of ACAT 2 (a cholesterol storage enzyme), of Apolipoprotein A-I and of RXR (a nuclear receptor involved in cholesterol metabolism) were significantly decreased. In addition, the enzymatic activity of CYP27A1, which catabolizes cholesterol, was increased. The results indicate that the rats seem to adapt to the cesium-137 contamination and display modifications of hepatic cholesterol metabolism only at molecular level and within physiological range.

CYP27A1

10.1269/jrr.09064

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Citations (9)

DOSE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR RADON: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Health Physics (2010)

J. Wallis Marsh John Harrison Dominique Laurier E. Blanchardon F. Paquet

Epidemiological studies of the occupational exposure of miners and domestic exposures of the public have provided strong and complementary evidence of the risks of lung cancer following inhalation of radon progeny. Recent miner epidemiological studies, which include low levels of exposure, long duration of follow-up, and good quality of individual exposure data, suggest higher risks of lung cancer per unit exposure than assumed previously by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Although risks can be managed by controlling exposures, dose estimates are required for the control of occupational exposures and are also useful for comparing sources of public exposure. Currently, ICRP calculates doses from radon and its progeny using dose conversion factors from exposure (WLM) to dose (mSv) based on miner epidemiological studies, referred to as the epidemiological approach. Revision of these dose conversion factors using risk estimates based on the most recent epidemiological data gives values that are in good agreement with the results of calculations using ICRP biokinetic and dosimetric models, the dosimetric approach. ICRP now proposes to treat radon progeny in the same way as other radionuclides and to publish dose coefficients calculated using models, for use within the ICRP system of protection.

Radon exposure

10.1097/hp.0b013e3181d6bc19

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Citations (38)

Ionizing radiation biomarkers in epidemiological studies – An update

Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research (2017)

Janet Hall Penny A. Jeggo Catharine West Maria Gomolka Roel Quintens

Low Dose Radiation

10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.01.001

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Citations (131)

Les méthodes et les limites de la dosimétrie après contamination interne

Radioprotection (2007)

E. Blanchardon A. Flüry-Hérard Fabien Paquet

L'estimation des doses absorbée, équivalente et efficace résultant d'une contamination interne se base sur la mesure de l'activité par anthroporadiamétrie (in vivo) ou par analyse radiotoxicologique in vitro. La valeur d'activité mesurée est interprétée en termes de dose à l'aide de modèles biocinétiques et dosimétriques qui décrivent le devenir des radionucléides dans le corps d'un individu de référence et permettent de calculer l'énergie qu'ils y déposent. Pour s'assurer du respect des limites réglementaires de dose, des programmes de surveillance sont mis en place. Les mesures d'activité peuvent être interprétées suivant une procédure standard comme celle proposée par le groupe IDEAS. Cependant, une incertitude significative est introduite dans le calcul de la dose par les incertitudes de mesure, par la méconnaissance partielle des conditions d'exposition et par le réalisme imparfait des modèles. En plus de cette incertitude, l'extrapolation aux faibles doses d'effets biologiques observés après une irradiation plus intense, la toxicité chimique des radionucléides et l'hétérogénéité du dépôt d'énergie rendent difficile l'estimation du risque résultant d'une contamination interne. En conclusion, il convient de garder à l'esprit que la dose efficace est un outil de gestion de la radioprotection mais pas un indicateur quantitatif du risque individuel.

10.1051/radiopro:2007040

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Citations (4)

ICARE software for calculation of dose coefficients and retained/excreted fractions of intake

BIO Web of Conferences (2019)

E. Blanchardon Estelle Davesne Sandra Bohand Pierre Laroche

10.1051/bioconf/20191403016

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Citations (2)

CONTRIBUTION OF RADON PROGENY TO TOTAL LUNG DOSE AND ITS RELATION WITH LUNG CANCER MORTALITY AMONG FRENCH URANIUM MINERS

ISEE Conference Abstracts (2011)

Estelle Rage Blandine Vacquier E. Blanchardon Rodrigue S. Allodji J. Wallis Marsh

Background and aims: Uranium miners are exposed to radon gas and its short-lived progeny (RnP), long-lived radionuclides and external gamma rays. While the lung cancer risk related to radon exposure has been widely studied, the effect of the other ionizing radiations is not well known. The aim was to assess the risk of lung cancer death associated with lung doses due to these multiple types of radiation exposure in the French cohort of uranium miners. Methods: The cohort included 3,271 exposed miners followed from 1956 through 1999. Annual exposures were assessed individually. Lung doses were calculated according to the Human Respiratory Tract Model (Publication 66 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection). Exposure-risk relations were estimated by a linear excess relative risk (ERR) model and Poisson regression was used to fit the model. Results: Mean alpha and non-alpha absorbed doses were equal to 78 and 56 milliGray (mGy), respectively. RnP accounted for 97% of the alpha absorbed dose. A significant ERR of lung cancer death was associated with the total absorbed lung dose (ERR/Gy [95%CI] = 2.9 [0.8-7.5]), the alpha absorbed dose (4.58 [1.3-10.9]) and RnP (4.6 [1.3-11.2]). Assuming a value of 20 for the relative biological effectiveness of alpha particles in lung cancer induction, the ERR/Gy-equivalent for the total-weighted lung dose was 0.2[0.1-0.5], similar to that for the alpha-weighted and RnP-weighted lung dose. Conclusions: These first results about lung doses from the European Alpha-Risk project, with regard to the lung dose distribution, support the major role of RnP in the risk of lung cancer death.

Relative biological effectiveness

10.1289/isee.2011.01091

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Citations (1)

Updated biokinetic model for systemic americium

Journal of Radiological Protection (2019)

R. W. Leggett E. Blanchardon

The biokinetic model for systemic americium (Am) currently recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for application to occupational intake of Am is based on information available through the early 1990s. Much additional information on Am biokinetics has been developed in the past 25 y, including measurements of retention and excretion of 241Am in many workers with 241Am burdens and post mortem measurements of 241Am in tissues of some of those workers. The ICRP's current Am model is reasonably consistent with the updated information, with the main exception that the current model apparently overestimates 24-hour urinary Am as a fraction of skeletal or systemic Am at late times after intake. This paper provides an overview of current information on the systemic kinetics of Am in adult human subjects and laboratory animals and presents an updated biokinetic model for systemic Am that addresses the discrepancies between the current database and current ICRP systemic model for Am. This model is applied in Part 4 (to appear) of an ICRP series of reports on intake of radionuclides by workers called the OIR (Occupational Intake of Radionuclides) series.

10.1088/1361-6498/ab0d3b

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Citations (2)

Correction to: Cancer risk from chronic exposures to chemicals and radiation: a comparison of the toxicological reference value with the radiation detriment

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics (2021)

Énora Cléro Michèle Bisson Velly Nathalie E. Blanchardon Éric Thybaud

Value (mathematics)

10.1007/s00411-021-00943-5

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Citations (1)

A generic biokinetic model for noble gases with application to radon

Journal of Radiological Protection (2013)

R. W. Leggett J. Wallis Marsh D. Gregoratto E. Blanchardon

To facilitate the estimation of radiation doses from intake of radionuclides, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publishes dose coefficients (dose per unit intake) based on reference biokinetic and dosimetric models. The ICRP generally has not provided biokinetic models or dose coefficients for intake of noble gases, but plans to provide such information for (222)Rn and other important radioisotopes of noble gases in a forthcoming series of reports on occupational intake of radionuclides (OIR). This paper proposes a generic biokinetic model framework for noble gases and develops parameter values for radon. The framework is tailored to applications in radiation protection and is consistent with a physiologically based biokinetic modelling scheme adopted for the OIR series. Parameter values for a noble gas are based largely on a blood flow model and physical laws governing transfer of a non-reactive and soluble gas between materials. Model predictions for radon are shown to be consistent with results of controlled studies of its biokinetics in human subjects.

Noble gas

Radiation monitoring

Radium

Radon gas

10.1088/0952-4746/33/2/413

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Citations (20)

Absorption of plutonium compounds in the respiratory tract

Journal of Radiological Protection (2010)

Estelle Davesne F. Paquet É. Ansoborlo E. Blanchardon

In order to optimise the monitoring of potentially exposed workers, it is desirable to determine specific values of absorption for the compounds handled. This study derives specific values of absorption rates for different chemical forms of plutonium from in vitro and animal (monkeys, dogs, mice, rats) experiments, and from human contamination cases. Different published experimental data have been reinterpreted here to derive values for the absorption parameters, f(r), s(r) and s(s), used in the human respiratory tract model currently adopted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The consequences of the use of these values were investigated by calculating related committed effective doses per unit intake. Average and median estimates were calculated for f(r), s(r), and s(s) for each plutonium compound, that can be used as default values for specific chemical forms instead of the current reference types. Nevertheless, it was shown that the use of the current ICRP reference absorption types provides reasonable approximations. Moreover, this work provides estimates of the variability in pulmonary absorption and, therefore, facilitates analyses of the uncertainties associated with assessments, either from bioassay measurements or from prospective calculations, of intake and dose.

Respiratory tract

Equivalent dose

10.1088/0952-4746/30/1/001

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Citations (28)