This paper examines the scope of the quarry industries in Australia in relation to the mining industry and compares the role of geologists in geological surveys, the quarry industry and road construction authorities. The needs of resource planning and quarry investigations are examined and a plea is made for increased involvement of geologists in the quarry industry. (A)
Bowen, Kristin, M.A., May 2004 Anthropology The Chinese Presence in Virginia City, Montana: A Historical Archaeology Perspective During the latter half of the nineteenth century, a profusion of Chinese sojourners came to the western United States. Starting in 1849 with the discovery of gold in California a large population of Overseas Chinese lived and worked in the United States. Even though most western states had large populations of Chinese for around half a century, little is known about them, as in most places they left no written records behind. This thesis aims to “make history” for these people by using historic archaeology to examine the Chinese living in Virginia City, Montana from the 1860s to the 1910s. As Virginia City was not isolated from the outside world, I will set this history in a background of the Overseas Chinese in Montana and other western States, using historical documents. Also in this thesis I present an overview of archaeological investigations done at Overseas Chinese sites using currently available research. Then I will show the results of excavations that have been done in Virginia City, and the small amount of remains that indicate an Overseas Chinese presence there. Currently there is a lack of knowledge on the Overseas Chinese in Montana, and I am trying to change this. I feel compelled to put forth a database of knowledge on the Chinese in Virginia City to start trying to fill this void, as well as to aid future archaeologists dealing with the same topic or area. In the end of my thesis, I set up a research design for future archaeological work in Virginia City, in the Chinese area of town. Using maps and other accounts, I try and identify the most likely places to contain Chinese deposits. Finally, I propose research questions that could guide future excavations in Virginia City. Chair: Dr. John Douglas ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my thesis committee chair, John Douglas for all the help he gave me on this project starting from the beginning to the end. I want to thank Kelly Dixon for sitting on my committee, and for all the encouragement and information she provided me while working on this thesis. I also would like to thank Rich Clow for being on my committee and for suggesting helpfull changes. The Montana Historical Society provided me with all the historical photos for this thesis, and I thank them for that as well as all the people working in their library and archives for being incredibly helpful. Finally Priscilla Wegars also deserves thanks for she was frequently consulted for information on the Overseas Chinese, her specialty.