HiPco single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been noncovalently modified with ionic pyrene and naphthalene derivatives to prepare water-soluble SWNT polyelectrolytes (SWNT-PEs), which are analogous to polyanions and polycations. The modified nanotubes have been characterized with UV-vis-NIR, fluorescence, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanotube-adsorbate interactions consist of pi-pi stacking interactions between the aromatic core of the adsorbate and the nanotube surface and specific contributions because of the substituents. The interaction between nanotubes and adsorbates also involves charge transfer from adsorbates to SWNTs, and with naphthalene sulfonates the role of a free amino group was important. The ionic surface charge density of the modified SWNTs is constant and probably controlled by electrostatic repulsion between like charges. The linear ionic charge density of the modified SWNTs is similar to that of common highly charged polyelectrolytes.

Surface charge

Surface Modification

10.1021/jp0443097

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Citations (153)

Cathodically induced time-resolved lanthanide(III) electroluminescence at stationary aluminium disc electrodes

Analytica Chimica Acta (1992)

Jouko Kankare K. Fäldén Sakari Kulmala K. Haapakka

Terbium

Dysprosium

Lutetium

10.1016/0003-2670(92)85320-6

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Citations (78)

Cathodic electroluminescence at the terbium(III)-doped oxide-covered tantalum electrode and its feasibility for the determination of hydrogen peroxide

Analytica Chimica Acta (1988)

K. Haapakka Sakari Kulmala

Terbium

10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80737-0

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Citations (10)

Physical origin of the intrinsic cathodic luminescence of an oxide-covered aluminium electrode

EPL (Europhysics Letters) (1997)

Arvi Hakanen E Laine K. Haapakka

Photoluminescence spectra of thin-film aluminium oxide samples on aluminium show spectral lines at ca. 330 and 420 nm that are attributed to the F+ and F centers of aluminium oxide, respectively. Experimental results reveal that the F centers are responsible for the intrinsic cathodic luminescence of an oxide-covered aluminium electrode, too. The mechanism of the luminescence is based on charge transfer reactions at the oxide/electrolyte interface.

Aluminium oxides

Aluminum Oxide

10.1209/epl/i1997-00353-8

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Citations (19)

Application of electrogenerated chemiluminescence of luminol to determination of traces of cobalt(II) in aqueous alkaline solution

Analytica Chimica Acta (1982)

K. Haapakka

Luminol

10.1016/s0003-2670(01)94000-0

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Citations (30)

Micelle-encapsulated fullerenes in aqueous electrolytes

Journal of Luminescence (2012)

T. Ala‐Kleme Arthur G. Maki R. Mäki A. Kopperoinen M. Heikkinen

10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.10.012

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Citations (1)

Anomalous luminescence of a bicapped [60]fullerene–γ-cyclodextrin complex at an oxide-covered aluminium cathode

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2002)

T. Ala‐Kleme R. Mäki K. Haapakka

A bicapped [60]fullerene–γ-cyclodextrin complex has been prepared in an aqueous boric acid–caesium borate buffer. It is shown that this water-soluble complex generates an anomalous [60]fullerene specific blue–green emission at the cathodically polarized aluminium/aluminium oxide interface but not at the zirconium/zirconium oxide and tantalum/tantalum oxide interfaces. A mechanistic pathway for the formation of this emission is proposed: the cathodic polarization of the aluminium/aluminium oxide interface injects a hot electron from the conduction band edge of the aluminium oxide to the higher acceptor levels 2t2g and/or 4ag of [60]fullerene. The relaxation of these acceptor levels to the 5t1u level (LUMO) of [60]fullerene initiates the intense emission peaking at around 445 nm. Further, use of this cathodic electroluminescence (EL) for the recognition of [60]fullerene from its mixtures with higher fullerenes is proposed.

10.1039/b108679k

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Citations (5)

Achievements and new directions in Analytical Chemistry: luminescence and optical sensors

Analytical Proceedings (1991)

Otto S. Wolfbeis Pierre R. Coulet Loïc J. Blum Michael J. Sepaniak K. Haapakka

O. S. Wolfbeis, P. R. Coulet, L. J. Blum, M. J. Sepaniak, K. Haapakka, J. Kankare, S. Kulmala and D. T. Burns, Anal. Proc., 1991, 28, 357 DOI: 10.1039/AP9912800357

10.1039/ap9912800357

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Citations (6)